School District Budget Essay

Working as the budget director for the mayor of the city of Kelsey, we have recently been getting numerous complaints from the citizens about an increase in crime and also an issue of the public demanding for more police officers. With the population of the city growing daily, the increase of crime is continuing to progress as well. The mayor has informed us that this past year is the highest increase in crime in the city’s history, that the federal government has reduced the federal pass-through money for the state and that the budgeting group needs to revamp the budget for the coming year. Within this document as the

Central Office leadership, when constructing a budget, must consider all aspects of the educational process including the effects of management of support services such as facilities, transportation, and food service. Local school districts are allowed to request bonds passed by the voters of the school district zone for specific projects or general projects. The bond proposals can come in through many different avenues such as capital outlay, sinking fund, operating millage are all ways in which this can be done, each having different purposes and ways in which funding can be used. A district must understand the vital impact for effective long-term planning for facility management and transportation. If the district is not effective in

As the newly promoted director of student achievement for Washington, D.C Public Schools, I am fully committed to the expansion of current program offerings as well as the creation of additional programs. To achieve this, I will make use of the principles learned in my graduate budgeting course to assess the current financial situation, plan the department’s future direction, create and implement the new annual budget, and lastly, evaluate the success of the programs and the budget in preparation of repeating these steps.

The General Fund (Fund 10) includes funding from the federal, state, and local governments. Examples of revenues and expenditures from this fund are taxes, interest on investments, salaries, and instructional costs. The Special Fund (Fund 20) is monies allotted for specific programs; Special Education being the largest portion. Having a Special Fund provides an additional layer of accountability to the government and taxpayers that the public funds are being distributed according to their intention. For instance, s restrictive grant indicates that the money must be spent according to the criteria. The Capital Fund (Fund 30) is dedicated to projects or improvements such as building an addition to a school. In order for districts to afford capital projects, they bond for the money which requires voter approval and results in a tax levy. Lastly, is the Debt Service Fund (Fund 40) that illustrates the

In addition, state and local government have to plan their budgets for this year, that is, it requires a balancing of revenue forecasts

The budget is a plan of how to spend available funds wisely, and entails a list of all expected revenues and expenses. The budget is compiled annually and marks the beginning and end of the fiscal year. While the primary burden of the budget lies with the finance department, it is the responsibility of all faculty affected by budgetary practices to provide insight into the projected financial future of the school. The goal and evidence of a successful budget is to have the actual numbers of the financial year equal or come close to the estimated

One of the problems in the debate over funding and choosing reforms is whether these reforms will be effective or not. The future expectations play a heavy role in making these decisions. In the neoliberal society we live in today, sometimes speculative logic drives decisions leading to disasters. Without objective metrics to test the effectiveness of reforms, no legislation for change will be enacted. The data available currently is too general such as student population, age distribution, and graduation rates (Bailey). The School Funding and Budget Stability Act of 2016 provides $15 million for institution effectiveness which should be spent on implementing the following analytical tools & metrics:

Propaganda speech Propaganda is information, it is especially biased or misleading, and propaganda has and is still being used everywhere, in posters, billboards, newspapers, radio stations, without you even knowing it. It is used to promote a particular view, but it is usually one-sided and can stray from the real truth. It can also influence people’s decisions or opinions on things. “Did you know that Propaganda was especially used in World War 1 and World War 2”, it was used to promote negative things about other opposition countries, which most of time was not true, In Britain in World War 1 newspapers were expected to print what the government wanted the reader to believe, even though the posters should have been

According to the Denise Grady, the minority groups have often been overlooked when it comes to clinical trials for diseases like cancer, it is because the most number of people who receive the experimental treatment are often white and to find a black American being considered for such treatment is rare. Mr. Jones who the advances in immunotherapy have saved his life is viewed as an outlier since he has received this treatment despite being African American. According to Grady, the first study on this disparity showed in 582 patients with lung cancer, 92% of those enlisted for the experimental drugs were whites, 3% were African-American, 3% were Asian, and the rest were the other groups. While

The debate about genetic modification has been going on for a long time. On one hand, advocates for genetic modification believe that many diseases could be prevented and it would relieve many people from pain. On the other hand, many critics of genetic modification believe that it is unnatural or playing god. I am drawn to this issue because I believe genetic modification is going to be, if it isn’t already, ubiquitous in our future. In my lifetime, 20-30 years from now, I will have to deal with the benefits and the possible ramifications of genetic modification. This issue is going to affect me directly and therefore I have chosen this topic. Genetic modification is already on the horizon and there is little anyone can do to stop this.

The operating budget requires prepreration of data from sales, production, manufacturing, selling expense, and general and administrative expense budgets. The budget varaiance is the difference between the budgeted amount of expense or revenue, and the actual amount. The budget variance should be used when the actual revenue is higher than the budget or when the actual expense is less than the budget.

Money is the key to success or not. In doing so, I learned that creating a budget is a two year long process. California’s budget actually exceeds the federal budget, spending over $100 billion a year (Castaneda 2017). With that, most of the revenue comes from our state tax when we pay for products and individual income taxes. Like the education district, the state budget goes along the state economy. In doing so, the process takes a while starting with April where the administrative departments prepare budgetary requests. In May, agencies prepare preliminary program budget where in July-August the department of finance and governor issue policy direction. Throughout the months of September and November, the Department of Finance reviews the proposals of the agencies as well as the Commission on State Finance and experts forecast revenues (Field 2013). At this point, the next year begins with Governor submitting budget to legislature which follows into February as the legislative analyst publish its findings. In doing so the next few months, the legislative branch conducts hearing, committees work out compromise, and by June the budget is signed by the Governor (Castaneda

Iowa is very unique when it comes to school finance. We use the single count date for the purpose of funding the state’s school districts. This is a count of the number of students in attendance on October 1st. This is when the federal government requires a count of the number of students eligible for the free and reduced price lunch program for purposes of Title I funding. An advantage to using the single count date is that it is reasonably easy and it also helps to cut down on administrative costs. There are many disadvantages to using this system. The single count date does not give districts any type of financial incentives for holding onto

A municipal budget is a financial plan that details the level of spending needed to bring the municipal services to the community at the same time maintaining the municipal assets by letting a clear balance between the assets and the liabilities. The budget document allows the mayor and the council to make decisions regarding the services that they provide to the community in the municipality. It acts as a guide to the infrastructure development programs as well as the management process. The budget ultimately is used to also determine if a tax increase is required. The annual budget of the Municipality of Red Lake that was presented for the year 2014 presented an adequate overview of the entity. Budget structures are made up of one to

Consider each of the local sources of income that support school districts. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each in relation to equity, yield, and taxpayer acceptance?