Science Has Made A Huge Impact On The World

Within this image of science, the purpose of the sciences is to discover facts of nature (Knorr 1981: 1). As scientists have distinct access to truth via the scientific method and are constituted as independent observers (ibid: 1-2). Disregarding the fact that scientists are capturing a representation of nature, not nature in its entirety or even its natural state, eliminating the socially constructed aspect of science (ibid: 3). This book showcased that regarding racial differences, the scientists were not independent observers, they actively constructed the experiments, evidence and conclusions. They were creating scientific facts, to ensure that white superiority was not altered, believing this to be in the best interest of true Americans, whites (Moore 1996: 1597).

all remedy. Since soma has no side effects, it can be a threat to society

As groups continue to use science against one another, stereotypes are taking over the world and creating negativity within society. As women are being told they are not smart, African Americans are being told they are unequal, and Muslims are being told they are all terroristic by nature based on the science that claims their inferiority and stereotypes; peace cannot prevail and war cannot contain. Scientific research and social correlations are not viewable through the same ideas, or else stereotypes continue to rampage on claiming proof through science; and ultimately groups will continue to prove their stereotypes wrong through violent and hysteric means. Inaccurate scientific research is encouraging the social beliefs of the inferiority of certain groups, and creating an unjust and socially biased

Mark Christianson identifies three main ideas throughout Stephen Jay Gould’s “the Geometer of Race,” which are; scientists’ theories can never be completely objective, scientists must realize that their scientific theories have a powerful ideological impact on society, and that scientific theories form a “mental geometry” that remains in people’s minds.

When the scientific community begins to spread unfounded hypotheses regarding genetic differences between races, particularly differences that attribute poorer health or increased susceptibility to disease among minority groups, a Pandora’s Box is opened of potential dangers which can aid proponents of racist doctrines. Historically, scientific studies that sought to prove biological differences among races have led to violently racist movements like slavery, colonialism, and the Holocaust. Hence, as other pharmaceutical companies follow NitroMed’s path and begin marketing drugs targeted for specific racial groups, the dangers of such race-based therapeutics must be acknowledged.

In Race: The Power of an Illusion, California Newsreel and its co-director Larry Adelman crafted a documentary that is both accessible and sophisticated. Making use of state-of-the-art scientific, historical, and social-scientific accounts, the series was about the crew being on a detailed tour of a wide range of attitudes and beliefs about race. It exposes the many misconceptions and inadequacies of the "common sense" views into which we have all been deeply socialized.

Throughout this week’s discussion, the topic of race was thoroughly reviewed. Even though race was a large part of the discussion, the topics of history and biology both came up in the reading and on “Understanding Race”, which is an interactive website. The topic of History was brought up, as a way to explain how anthropological research has evolved. In the 19th century, anthropologists were known as “compilers”, according to Nanda and Warms. They would compile data that was already given to them, instead of collect their own data like they do today. Today, anthropologists are known more as “fieldworkers”, because they physically go out, and meet new cultures and races as a way to collect data. The topic of Biology was also brought up when

In the nineteenth century biologist attempted to create a science of racial differences that would support the view of racialism. “These traits and tendencies characteristic of a race constitute, on the racialist view, a sort of racial essence; and it is part of the content of racialism that the essential heritable characteristics of what the nineteenth century called the “Races of Man” account for more than the visible morphological characteristics—skin color, hair type, facial features—on the basis of which we make our informal classification (Appiah 394). As of today, most scientists working in these fields continue to reject racialism. The claims of racialism are not supported by science. Plausibly, Appiah states that racialism doesn’t necessarily have to be an ethical issue. An individual may possibly acknowledge racialism but still believe that constructive moral characteristics are equally disseminated across the different races. But, what is logically possible and what usually occurs are two different things. “I believe—and I have argued elsewhere—that racialism is false; but by itself it seems to be a cognitive rather than a moral problem” (Appiah 394).

She argues that white, middle-class men have pioneered the field of science since its inception. Since science has been championed exclusively by this particular party, science discounts aspects from other groups, especially females. In doing so, science is exposed a misguided subjective ideology that casts the feminine perspective—in particular—to the wayside. In addition, this narrow, one-sided mindset lacks the ideas from those who are nonwhite and not middle-class. Keller’s argument regarding science being an “objectivist discourse” is a double-edged sword. In her attempts to critique the whole population of “white, middle-class men,” she ultimately generalizes them. In her arguments, she makes a sweeping assumption that science is a white supremacist, capitalistic, and male-dominated discourse. Her generalizations from which her argumentation is based off is flawed. The basis of her arguments is coded in sexism, classism, and racism. Keller’s entire claim revolves around how science being dominated by middle-class white men is unacceptable. Her claim that science “has evolved under the formative influence of a particular ideal of masculinity” insinuates that science heavily favors white, middle-class men and disregards everyone else. Her assertion of underrepresentation presupposes that these white, middle-class men regard only themselves and fail to represent the rest of the population. This baseless claim paints

In the 19th century scientific racism was developed, in relation to the Civil War. Scientific racism was lead by people like Morton who measured brain cavity in multiple skulls and determined from these measurements not only which skulls were bigger, but also if that meant a person was smart, civilized, and various other traits. These conquered with racial stereotypes, placing whites as the most civilized on top, with blacks and Indians on the bottom (The Stories We Tell). His work convinced many people, including leading scientist who hadn't seen race as biological Louis Agassiz, that race could be proven scientifically (The Stories We Tell). The need for this scientific justification of racism came as a byproduct of the Civil War where slavery was abolished, but racism was still firmly entrenched in people's mind, this science was a way to legitimize people still clinging to their racist beliefs (Roediger, How Race Survived U.S. History, pp. 101-103).

The last hundred years have brought the world many valuable things; computers, better sanitation conditions, understandings of diseases, vaccines, surgery, education, and so much more. But there are so many social constructs that have made little progress such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. In reality vaccines and sexism are manmade, a vaccine is a manmade invention and sexism is a manmade idea. Neither would exist without human beings backing the idea that they are necessary. Racism is “prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior (Oxford Dictionary).” Racism over the last hundred years has been directed towards Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian’s. Looking at the past in relation to racism in the United States, reveals that racism is still alive and well in 2015 just as it was in 1915.

“The idea that human populations can be divided into distinct racial groups based on physical differences dates back many centuries.” (Paragraph 3 “Racism”) This is known as Scientific Racism. Scientific Racism is the belief that racism is justified by scientific bases, which gives people confidence that it is proper to discriminate others (usually based on their race, religion, or beliefs), even though it is not appropriate (Oxford Dictionary). This belief is actually “pseudoscientific.” Pseudoscience is “any of various methods, theories, or systems, such as astrology, psychokinesis, or clairvoyance, which are considered as having no scientific basis.” (Dictionary.com). Scientific Racism can also be related to To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper

Scientific racism has been used to oppress, enslave and to justify torture. In my essay I will explore how scientific racism has been used to detriment the health of women of colour. Throughout history women of colour have been experimented upon, sexualized and reproductively abused with scientific racism as justification or the underlying premise for the thought behind this abuse. I will explore this idea using examples throughout various periods of history, as well I will show the contemporary effects.

However, as a researcher debating this argument, one should choose a side. The academic stance chosen by the researcher should also be substantially supported by scholarly research and references. However, it can be proposed that the reason for such a long drawn out debate is because it appears race identification may be both biologically and socially constructed. Until further research

The study of prejudice, stereotyping, and racism has been a major theme in social psychology reflecting concerns of society (Jost & Kay, 2010). History of colonization contributed to Europeans’ prejudice against people of color (Tuffin, 2004). For centuries, racism was used to justify the advancement of European nations. In the 18th century, the