Science Investigatory Project: Natural Dyes from Plants

The purpose of this lab investigation is to make 1 L of Pirate Purple dye solution. The claim states that the use of the concentration and absorbance of the Blue 1 dye and Red 3 dye will lead to the concentrations of the red and blue dye to yield 1 L of Pirate Purple dye. In order to understand molarity or concentration, familiarity with the terms of solute, solvent, and solution are very important. A Solute is a substance that is being dissolved by a solvent. A solvent is a substance that is dissolving the solute. Solution is a solute of a homogenous mixture that is dissolved in a solvent. With that being said, molarity is the moles of a solute divided by the liters of a solution (mol/L). In accordance to concentration, absorbance is used

Moisten filter paper with a few drops of solvent and turn on water vacuum to fullest extent

Step 12. After you let the dye sit for as long as you can, rinse clothing well, let air dry.

The topic is: The cleanest cleaner. In this experiment, the scientists will be testing which brand of detergents cause a better cleaning effect on one stain on multiple white shirts. The independent variable in this experiment consists of the different detergents, while the dependent variable consists of the amount by which the stain faded (using the purple light scale), and or removed, others include the white t shirts, washing cycle, and drying cycle, staining agent, and cycle of drying and washing. The control variable in this experiment will be the 1 trial run with water only per experiment. The unit while measuring the amount of detergent is mL, and a scale which the is going to use to measure the amount of stain faded.

The objective of this extraction experiment was to achieve a comprehensive understanding, as well as master the practice, of the technique of separating various individual components of a compound.

Any wet linen must be washed by soapy warm water and drayed in the sun

absorbent cotton on top of the KOH-soaked absorbent cotton. Repeat these steps to make the other five

In the beginning of this experiment, our TA added water, salt, and 75/25 hexane/acetone to spinach leaves to a blender and blended the mixture to assume equal amounts for each group and to avoid erros if each student had to do the blending. The addition of the water to the mixture allowed the it to separate into a distinct organic layer after being run in a centrifuge, which was available to be collected at the top of the centrifuge. Salt reduces solubility, which will force the organic parts of the mixture (the desired pigments for example) to separate into the organic layer at the top. Lastly, 75/25 hexane/acetone is added because this is a moderately polar solvent and will useful for both the non-polar and polar pigments present within the spinach leaves. A mixed solution of hexanes and acetone must be used because acetone is very polar, while hexane in very non-polar, and the spinach leaves contain both non-polar and polar pigments in them that are important in the extraction and for further analysis. The mixture was placed in the centrifuge so the solids in the mixture (mostly cellulose) could be separated from the liquids into separate distinct layers for further extraction and testing. In the tube, the organic substances separated into the top layer, whereas the water layer remains at the bottom of the tube below the solid layer made up of mainly cellulose.

Again, after ten seconds, the slide was rinsed with distilled water to wash off the decolorizer. The slide was placed back on the staining rack. Approximately ten drops of safranin were covered on the slide allowing resting for one minute. After one minute, the slide was rinsed one final time on the small sink followed by blotting the stained slide with Bibulous paper. The slide was placed between pages of Bibulous paper to help

1) What is the surface area of each of your three cells? The agar cylinder had a surface area of 5.06 cm.

“First, the linen rags, were broken down into fibers. Second, the fibers were formed into a durable sheet of paper. The suspended fibers were created by pounding the rags in water. After the pounding, the fibers were then ground into pulp on stones and processed into a pasty liquid in a vat of water.The paper maker, then lowered a sheet of metal mesh into the slurry covering the mesh with the linen cellulose paste. The mold was lifted above the slurry as it was gently shaken, allowing the excess moisture to drain. The delicate, damp sheet was then carefully removed from the mold and placed between two pieces of felt on the flat table of a screw press. Then, the process was repeated and another wet sheet was added to the stack and topped by felt, and so on until a suitable stack of paper and felt separators was achieved. The stack was then squeezed with the press to purge as much water as possible from the sheets of paper. The sheets were then hung up to dry on a line

Every cell transports materials in and out throught something called a membrane. There are many different methods of transport in the cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Serrano, 1977) We want to know does adding higher concentrations of azide more effectively block dye transport? We tested the transport of dye in yeast cells with a metabolic inhibitor. When we did this we showed no difference in the absorbance between different azide solutions, and our control. From this we concluded that azide has no effect on the transport through a yeast cell membrane.

Materials: Scale, potato slice, big tub, small cup, petri dish, big tub lid, mealworms, tape, BTB, and a pencil.

Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility, which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it travels the highest distance, followed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b is the most polar; therefore, it travels the shortest distance. The separated pigments on the chromatography paper can be eluted in acetone and absorbance spectrum is

1. Strip off your bedding – and put your bedding in a double bag. Then wash the bedding in hot water (120°F). Discard the bags