Science Study Of The Natural World

2,000 years ago the world, in terms of population, was only the size of the United States of America, 300 million people. Today, the world’s population is at seven billion and counting. If the population rose at a steady rate from year 0, we would’ve reached 1 billion people by about 210 A.D. This, however, was not the case. We reached 1 billion people in 1800 A.D, which means that there had to be very odd growth periods for the population as a whole REWORD ME. From 0 to 1000 A.D. the population only rose about 10 million people, “and well into the second millennium, [the population] grew less than 0.1 percent each year” [1]. However, from the year 1800, with 1 billion people worldwide, to 1930, the world gained another billion people. We then reached three billion people in 1960, five billion in 1987, and 7 billion in 2013. One can clearly see that once we entered the 19th century, the world’s population started growing like a 14 year old boy going through puberty; rapidly, and without any warning. One thing that can explain this growth is called the Demographic Transition.The Demographic Transition is a theory that explains the growth.

Identifying benthos to the family level rather than the 27-group level increases the diagnostic power. Making more detailed identifications will provide a more accurate representation of the organisms present in the community and will provide more sensitivity to detect habitat changes. In

The demographic transition is a three-stage model of population growth in Europe. In the first stage there is a stable population because birth and death rates are both high. The second stage happens as mortality rates begin to slowly decline, but birth rates stay high. When this stage happens, there is fast population growth. During the third stage, the population is more stable as both birth and death rates are low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths which could ultimately create other social problems.

The majority of developed nations have experienced several profound demographic changes over the last century—notably, an important decline in fertility rates paired with a substantial reduction of mortality, due in part to the changing nature of leading causes of death. In Canada, the total fertility rate was 3.5 children per woman in 1921 and fell to 1.61 in 2011 (Wadhera and Strachan 1993a; Statis- tics Canada 2013a). Life expectancy at birth for both sexes combined rose, from 57.0 years in 1921 to 81.7 in 2011 (Canadian Human Mortality Database 2014). Migration has also become an increasingly important contributor to population growth over this time period. Whereas less than 25 per cent of the Canadian population growth was due to migratory

The Medical Revolution was a period of time where medicinal technology in Europe prevented the deaths of thousands of citizens. This marked the shift from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition model, as crude death rate significantly decreases. The natural rate of increase also increases, while the crude birth rate does not

The cohort component approach has three main components: births, deaths, and migration. The cohort component model uses these three components to move age/sex cohorts forward through time, creating a new age/sex distribution at each five-year time point. The success of the model depends on identifying appropriate fertility, mortality, and migration rates to apply to different age

For the past two decades a shifting pattern of diseases and health care service has been observed globally as population increase. Epidemiological transition also known as demographic transition, is a model that is used to explain how population growth rates increase and decrease with respect to time and different factors that account into it such as infectious disease, chronic disease and industrialization. “Conceptually, the theory of epidemiologic transition focuses on the complex change in patterns of health and disease and on the interactions between these patterns and their demographic, economic and sociologic determinants and consequences” (Omran, 2005). This model describes the changing patterns of population distributions in four stages: Age of pestile and famine, age of declining pandemic, age of degenerative and man-made diseases, and postindustrial age.

Demographic transition is the process by which a nation/country moves from high birth rate and high death rates to low birth and low death rates as the growth population in the interim (Weeks, 2005). Some of the nations that have gone through this transitions are; Canada, Germany, United States and England. The demographic transition to an industrialized society is harmful to the environment. Industrialized countries also have the largest ecological and carbon footprint comparative to developing/non-industrialized nations. Nevertheless, demographic transitions have some notable advantages. Countries that have gone through demographic transitions have low birth and death rates. Citizens in

The demographic transition has been closely accompanied by an epidemiological transition in the area of health, that is, a change in the profile of morbidity and mortality by cause, and the distribution of deaths by age. This transition is apparent in the percentage reduction in deaths caused by transmissible (respiratory, infectious and parasite–borne) diseases and in those in the perinatal period, giving rise to a relative predominance of deaths caused by chronic and degenerative diseases (of the circulatory apparatus and malignant tumors), as well as external causes (caused by violence, accidents and injuries). This reflects both the greater drop in mortality for the first group of causes, which mainly occur in children, as well as by the

Many elements influence population and its future growth, and thus affect life tables. These include, but are not limited to: birth, death, environment, habits, and socioeconomic status. It is necessary to monitor changes in these factors, especially birth rate and death rate,

Epidemiologic transition means is a lengthy transformation in terms of health and diseases occurrence patterns whereby people die at a tender age from transmittable illnesses, epidemic, and episodic famine across all age groups to low-level mortality rates arising from degenerative and man-made illnesses such as diseases derived from smoking. In simpler terms, assuming there is a change in a situation when people die at a younger age attributed to naturally occurring diseases to a situation where people die at an older age arising from man-made diseases. However, the word epidemiology means disease, not death. As such, the words health and mortality transition mean that people survive to face advanced ages due to changes in the health patterns,

Demographic transitions also can be key component in the death rates we observed over the past 200 years. The curve was influenced greatly over the past 100 years and will be again in the next 100 years. The curves may again change to show_______________________________ in the next 100 years. (cite a

Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a

No single obvious cause for the renewal of population growth presents itself. The incidence of the

Disagreement may aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences because disagreement leads to new discoveries. Disagreement is about gathering reliable knowledge as well as using this newfound knowledge, and occurs when a group fails to reach a consensus over the logic of an argument. Knowledge is composed of facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education. Two areas of knowledge that are impacted by disagreement are human science and natural science. Human science is the study of human behavior and how humans gather information. Natural science is a branch of science that deals with the physical world. In order for a disagreement to occur, one must be familiar with the subject and have his or her own prediction that is different from the norm. Therefore, to advance knowledge in the areas of human and natural science, people must disagree. The roles of logic, reason, and emotion will be investigated to see how they are used to help gain new knowledge in both human and natural science.