Scientific Revolution: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, And Newton

Ptolemy, a Roman astronomer came up with the theory that the universe revolved around Earth and all the creatures inhabiting it (Doc. C). This theory, The Geocentric Universe of Ptolemy, was adjusted by most of the people during The Middle Ages. However, much later on, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, disagreed with Ptolemy’s theory. With his use of math and reason, he came up with a new theory called The Heliocentric Universe of Copernicus (Doc. C). He said that the universe & Earth itself revolves around the sun. The Church denied this theory because they did not want to be proven wrong. If the Church was wrong about this part of the universe, this would then cause man to wonder what else they could be wrong about, or even lied to them about. This new theory taught men to think for themselves and not to rely on the Church for

The Scientific Revolution changed society with the birth of “modern science”; it changed the way people thought about the physical world around them. The same spirit of inquiry that fueled the Renaissance, led scientists to question traditional beliefs about the workings of the universe. The conflict all began with Copernicus’ heliocentric model being introduced to the world- going against the Church’s traditional teachings. Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric model of the universe- stating that the sun is the center, and that other planets revolve around it. Despite his calculations, people disagreed and kept on believing in Ptolemy’s geocentric model.

The Scientific Revolution was at its height during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with many supporters and critics of the works of scientists. It was the transition from the medieval, philosophical and religious perspective to a secular and rational perspective. One of the biggest debates that defined the Scientific Revolution was the debate over whether the universe was geocentric (with the earth at the center of the universe), or heliocentric (with the earth revolving around the sun). The works of these scientists was influenced by political leaders for their desire in power, the clash of ideas between religious leaders and institutions, and differentiation towards female scientists and unorganization in research. In all, each of these three parts of society contributed to the Scientific Revolution in very important ways.

Newton’s most important work, titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica contained his famous laws of motion, as well as new types of maths. Newton

He found that one single force, called gravity, kept all of the planets in their orbit around the sun. One day, as an apple fell from a tree to the ground, Isaac Newton wondered if the same force that made the apple fall to Earth, had anything to do with the movements of the planets.Through mathematics, over the next 20 years, he refined his new theory. Isaac Newton even published a book explaining gravity, along with other things about the universe. He says uniform laws are followed by nature, and that all of the motion the the entire universe can be described and measured mathematically. Throughout his life, he discovered three laws of motion, and titled them Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. The first law is the Law of Inertia. This basically states that an object in motion, will retain its state of motion. The second law is force equals mass times acceleration. So, the more mass to an object, more force is needed to accelerate it. Finally, the third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when you push an object, it pushed back equally as hard in the opposite direction. In conclusion, Isaac Newton still impacts us today because we still use all of his laws, and he also partly discovered a branch of mathematics called calculus, in which we still use

Newton was the Englishmen who formulated the modern laws of motion and mechanics. It remained unchallenged until the twentieth century. The core of his thinking was the concept of the universe. He declared that all bodies whatsoever are endowed with the principle of mutual gravitation. He was the grand unifying idea of early modern science. (Ways of the World, 557)

Copernicus release his theory of the heliocentric view while he was on his death bed. Primary reason for this was because of the Catholic’s church control on society at the time and the effects it would have on religious society stating that the earth was not the center of the universe. After Copernicus released

There are three laws of motion. Nancy Hall states that Isaac Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. In 1666, when he was 23 years old, he developed the theories of gravitation (2015). Otherwise known as Newton’s first, second, and third Laws of Motion. In agreement with HyperPhysics, “Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force” (HyperPhysics). Newton’s first law can also be recognized as the Law of Inertia. Essentially, what Newton's First Law is stating that objects behave predictably. For instance, a chair is not going to move unless a force is acted upon

In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Canon, published “On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs”. The popular view is that Copernicus discovered that the earth revolves

The main purpose of the scientific revolution was to challenge the ideas put into place by the Greeks centuries earlier. Many scientists, such as an Astronomer, Nicholas Copernicus, and Andreas Vesalius, created new theories in the attempt to understand how the world worked in all its unique complexity. These figures of the scientific revolution caused society to challenge their traditional views. The Heliocentric Theory, discovered by Nicholas Copernicus, after examining the works of ancient scientists, Aristotle, and philosopher, Ptolemy, who declared that the geocentric earth is the center of the universe. Copernicus eventually discovered that this was not true. Earth, was the center of the universe, but it was the sun. The majority

One of the most well known is, “To every action there is always an opposed and equal reaction”.2 These three basic theories are the most widely known theories that Newton proposed. The development of these theories founded what is now modern physics. These theories also gained Newton attention and credibility in the scientific community, which further helped spread his accomplishments.

Galileo, Kepler and Newton altered classical interpretations of nature and challenged classical sources of knowledge in several different ways. Kepler published several different books and even came up with the three laws of planetary motion. The first law is the orbit of planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus. The second law is a line from the planets to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of time. The third law states that the planets orbital period squared is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed. Kepler used his mathematical skills to wok on the Rudolphine Table, which was based off and improved from the work of Tycho Brahe. The Rudolphine Table was created to help show the position of the planets

Copernicus identified the concept of heliocentric Solar System, which is that, in which the Sun, rather than the Earth, was the center of our Solar System. Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 in Torun, Poland. In 1508, Copernicus developed the first own celestial model of the heliocentric planetary system. Around 1514, he shared his model with the Commentariolus. His second book about the topic " De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" was banned by Catholic Church no longer after his death in May 24, 1534 in Frauenburg, Poland. When Copernicus was 10, his father passed away. His maternal uncle assumed the role of father and made sure that Copernicus had the right and good amount of education. In 1491 Copernicus entered the University of

During most of the 16th and 17th centuries, it was not easy for scientists to make new discoveries and present them to the world. The Catholic Church, a dominating force during that period, persecuted anyone who would spread ideas and opinions that contradicted what the Bible stated. Both Copernicus and Galileo believed in the heliocentric theory, also called Copernicus theory, which stated that the sun was at the centre of the universe and the earth revolves around it. However, the Catholic Church did not agree with this idea because the Bible stated that the earth was at the centre of the universe and the sun revolved around it, which is the complete opposite. Due to this disagreement, Copernicus and Galileo were threaded by the Catholic Church and

The general and widespread acceptance of Sir Isaac Newton’s models and laws may often be taken for granted, but this has not always been so. Throughout history, scientists and philosophers have built on each other’s theories to create improved and often revolutionary models. Although Newton was neither the first nor the last to bring major innovations to society, he was one of the most notable ones; many of his contributions are still in use today. With the formulation of his laws of motion, Sir Isaac Newton contributed to the downfall of Aristotelianism and provided a universal quantitative system for approximating and explaining a wide range of phenomena of space and the physics of motion, revolutionizing the study and understanding