Scientific Thinking And Research Methods Essay

Have you ever came across a research study and wondered how researches conduct their research? How much time is required to complete a research? And how accurate the results are? In this paper we will be discussing one of many studies that researches utilize to study human’s behaviors which is called longitudinal design. We will discuss how a longitudinal research is carried, its advantages, and disadvantages. I will also be analyzing a research and try to find flaws that we could improve in order to receive accurate results.

The development of the scientific method in the late 1500’s to the early 1600’s was a crucial stepping-stone in the science community. The scientific method is based upon observations, hypotheses and experimentation. The concept is rather simple, and can be applied to many areas of study. Once an observation is made, the observer can make a hypothesis as to why that phenomenon occurs and can then design an experiment to prove whether or not that hypotheses is valid. Although the scientific method has been extremely useful in the discovery of various things from usages of medications to studying animal behavior, there are still those who question the usage of this tool. These critics claim that since

To support the theory of continental drift is through topography, surveying the floors of oceans, charts of rock magnetism, and statistics on rock ages (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). At one time scientist believed that the deep ocean floors were flat; accumulating the sediment that progressively wore away from the prehistoric landmasses (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). However, they discovered steep-walled valleys and elevated highlands. This was evidences that just as the continents are transformed and are active, so to is the seafloor (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). The Mid- Atlantic Ridge, positioned in the central part of the Atlantic Ocean, is recorded to be the longest mountain range on this planet. Volcanoes, lava flow, and earthquakes are a source of

The third resource that I used is from the Office of Justice Programs/Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). A specific article titled “Intimate Partner Violence in the United States” shows a graph of intimate partner violence rates declining from 1993 to 2006. The article is quite vague, with no real description or stats stating whether or not men commit more violence against women than women do against men. “Violence between intimates is difficult to measure because it often occurs in private, and victims are often reluctant to report incidents to anyone because of shame or fear of reprisal” (S. Catalano).

Research in Nursing has become a fundamental discipline throughout the years and this report will provide an insight into the process of research. This report will show how to use the Cinhal database to extract the best available article within the parameters of Tissue Viability and formulation of the research question. The main features will focus on the reliability and validity of the chosen topic of the Waterlow Scale tool and the comprehensive evaluation of the evidence. The main aim of this report is to validate the effectiveness of Waterlow Assessment Tool and identify any risk factors, towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. The overall strengths and weaknesses of the report will highlight any

The Scientific Method is the approach that scientists use to investigate some phenomena. It’s a standard technique to find cause and effect of a particular problem.

Human beings have a biological instinct to resist unusual. Our behaviors are influence through certainty. Not only do we learn through certainty, more significantly we are able to predict its outcome. However there are times when we just don't know why things happen or what to do after it has happened. The focus of this research is to illustrate that people react negatively to events that are uncertain because an outcome cannot be predicted.

The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This

The purpose of this study is to determine whether socioeconomic status impedes the cognitive development of African American boys’ literacy in schools. This is a quantitative research study using an exploratory research design. This design will show how socioeconomic status correlates with poverty, lack of parental involvement, and environmental factors. The researcher will use snowball sampling to gain participants from a referral from an initial participant from this survey. The survey will be given to 20 participants at the City View Apartments in the West Blvd neighborhood community; that will have closed ended questions for desired results of this research. All responses will be confidential and used solely for the purpose of this study.

Counterfactual thinking is the cognitive process in which individuals can simulate alternative realities, to think about how things could have turned out differently, with statements such as ‘what if’ and ‘if only’. Counterfactuals can be either upward, in which alternative realities are improved, or downward, in which alternative realities are worsened. Reflecting on previous outcomes can make individuals experience regret and this review will focus on the effects of counterfactual thinking and feelings of regret, which has been referred to as a ‘counterfactual emotion’.

One definition of knowledge is true belief based on strong evidence. What makes evidence “strong” enough and how can this limit be established?

Fading affect bias is a finding that the intensity of the affect that are associated with negative autobiographical memories tends to fade faster than affect associated with positive autobiographical memories. For example, when someone is initially turned down for a job, the individual may initially experience feelings of distress or sadness, but over time, they may begin to feel relief and decide that not being hired for that position turned out for the better. (Walker & Skowronski, 2009) Dissimilarly, an article by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, and Vohs published in 2001 hypothesizes that, according to multiple literatures, it is the “negatively valenced” events in our lives that have the most significant emotional and psychological

Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a principle of research.

The researcher will employ a mixed method research method to study the effects of maltreatment and how those maltreatments correlate with psychosocial behaviors. The author has chosen this method because she wants to explore internal and external behaviors of children who have experienced childhood trauma, also the researcher has personal reasons to explore this population. This method of research is more appropriate to get a clear picture of how the trauma experienced by children impacts their behaviors, in a mixed method research design, we use open-ended questions and surveys to really understand the problems associated with childhood trauma.

The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency, MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called ‘real-time experience tracking’, which involves three stages of data collection. And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents.