Scopos And Scopos

The use of translation in the classroom as a teaching method is a valid method to teach english as a foreign language. Over the years, translation as a teaching method has being avoided as a technique to use at the classroom. With the development of different approaches and methods such as communicative approach or the audiolingual method, which looks for the students to learn with the least possible use of speakers’ native language. According to Richards (2006) to learn how to communicate language people need competence which includes different real-life situations; grammar does not fulfil these roles and as far of the learning, in other words, learning by only speaking and practicing the target language other abilities would eventually be

Skopos rule represents the major and first rule of skopos theory, it solves “the eternal dilemma of free vs faithful translation” which represents an evident that the translator's precognition of the purpose of any translation would aide the translator to choose the translation approach that achieve these skopos. And (Nord 1997) indicates that skopos of the same translation may need free or literal translation or mixture of both, it is to be determined by the purpose of the translation each time translation process is

Throughout my collaboration with the organization, I worked on producing an improved English translation of their official website. This has been the longest document I have ever worked on, totaling 31 pages and just over nine thousand words. While working on such a long document, I have noticed various important technical aspects about the process. I have learned that it can be difficult to maintain the consistency of terminology throughout the document, and that it is a good idea to go back through after completing all of the text and revise with an eye for consistency. I also learned that it is very important to revise in general, and to step back and take a break before doing so; when working in two languages at once, it is very easy to get caught up in the details of one or the other. There were many occasions when I was reading over what I had written earlier and I realized that sentence was obviously written in Spanish syntax even though it had English words. Finally, I learned that, even though translation is an individual process, it can be extremely helpful to collaborate with others and ask for a second opinion in order to produce the best possible

Use a style guide. A style guide defines the grammar, syntax and tone translators should use to facilitate a higher quality of translation and convey the source content accurately.

Newmark (1988) considered translation as a matter of choice. His idea is that translators should have the skill which enables them to decide upon the most appropriate equivalence. Translator’s choice depends on certain criteria in accordance with a specific theory. Regarding this matter, one of these problems was about how to achieve equivalence or the equivalent effect of the political terms or expressions. Wrong choice giving the inadequate or inaccurate translation.

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

EssaysForStudent.com is one of the most comprehensive databases of essays, term papers, and book reports on the internet.

just as a language has given birth to all who speak it, so all human expression, all alien tongues that ever have been or will be spoken, must be contained in it, at least in the germ . . .There is no trait in any one language which is not at least latent in every other, though it may appear only in dialects, in the vocabularies of trades and callings, or in the chatter of the nursery. The possibility and the function of translating, its can-be, may-be and should-be, are based on this essential oneness of all languages, and on the command springing from that oneness that there shall be communication among all men.

In modern linguistics, a shift from realism, making works that represent the actuality of life, to subjectivism, everything is subjective and there are no definite meanings, has occurred. This linguistic shift influenced numerous works of writing and works of art as well. The move to subjectivism can be clearly seen in both William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Michel Foucault’s Power/Knowledge through each’s discussion on truth, power, and the definitive meanings of words.

Abstract: In this paper, the author mainly seeks to find out that how domestic media to translate Chinese specific words and what translation methods will the domestic media take in a prosperous China. By analyzing different translation methods token by domestic and foreign media using to translate Chinese specific words, the author finds out that foreign media usually takes foreignazation translation method while Chinese media generally takes domestication translation method. Different translation methods are the results of different translation goals, different ideologies, different cultures and different target audiences. In this paper, the author will discuss the reasons why domestic and foreign media take different translation methods and the reference significance for Chinese media.

Across all the books and scholars the definition of machine translation is the same but indicated in different ways. According to Alqudsi, Omar and Shaker the definition of machine translation is “a computer application that translates texts or speech from one natural language to another. Machine translation receives a source sentence, by translating the source sentence and give the meaning of it in the target language” (549). Another definition for machine translation, “Machine translation (MT) is automated translation. It is the process by which computer software is used to translate a text from one natural language to another” (“Machine Translation” 3).

Another main issue that draws translation back from the label of status is the society´s general perception of the absence of a professional image. As pointed out by Darwish (2010: 46), “professions have become a fundamental element of modern civilization and professionals possess specialist knowledge and skills that modern society has come to rely on in its daily functioning”. In other words, a professional is called as such because he/she possesses special skills and knowledge in an academic subject. Moreover, as stated by Cheetham and Chivers (2005: 4), “certain crafts depend heavily on theoretical knowledge and certain established professions have little or no theoretical base”. If we take a close look about the statement made by Cheetham and Chivers and apply it into translation, we can realize that translation throughout history was a craft that was carried out mostly without much theoretical basis. The reason for this is because people from the past were more concerned with communication and transfer of technology and knowledge. So, study about the very same craft of translating was almost inexistent since the interest was channeled into other more “relevant” fields. As a consequence of this, translation was put aside for the most part of history until it deservedly became an academic discipline with an increasing volume of literature being contributed into the field we call translation studies. But, it does not seem that people outside of the field know about

In the same way in Iran, there has been a revision in the way translation was previously received. This academic recognition led to the development of graduate programs focused on Translation Studies in the context of several languages in Iranian university

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”

The rewriting theory is belong to manipulation theory. The concept of "manipulation translation" was firstly used by the contemporary translation theorists Herman, he said that, "From the perspective of the target literature view, all translation  implies a manipulation of the source text for a certain purpose." Later, this view of translation has been developed, and discussed systematically by the famous American writer —— a American comparative literature and translation theorist —— Andre Lefebvre. He put forward the rewriting theory and this theory has had a wide and profound influence in the field of translation. In the book "Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame " , Lefevere explained the rewriting