Scott W. Williams: Master's Degree In Mathematics

Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes was born September 11, 1890 in Washington, DC and died July 25, 1980 in Washington, DC. She went by the name of Euphemia Haynes. Ms. Haynes was an American mathematician and educator. She was the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics. In September 1890, Haynes was born to Dr. William Lofton who was a dentist and a financial supporter of black institutions and charities, and to Mrs. Lavina Day Lofton who was active in the Catholic Church. She graduated from M. St High School in 1907, followed by Miner Normal School in 1909, and attended Smith College to earn a bachelor of arts degree in mathematics. Haynes married

W.E.B. Dubois The great African American intellectual W.E.B. Dubois was born in the post-Civil War era. Being born at this time encouraged him to fight for equal rights for blacks. At this time, blacks were still suppressed very greatly. Dubois, having had lived in an all black community, experienced racism first-hand in the North (Donalson, 558).

W. E. B. Du Bois was born in Great Barrington,In 1884 he graduated as valedictorian from high school. He got his bachelor of arts from Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. He was the first african american to earn their P.H.D. DuBois was the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. W.E.B dubois argued that social change could be accomplished by developing the small group of college-educated blacks he called "the Talented Tenth:" Dubois disagreed with Washington's opinions but also respect for him as one of the first true black intellectuals who tried to help the black race. Dubois focused on a strategy called the gradualist political strategy. the strategy tells that Dubois

William Edward Burghardt Dubois was the first African-American to earn a doctorate and lived Atlanta Georgia. He was civil rights activist and historian. In 1903 he wrote The Souls of Black Folk where he disagreed with Washington because he felt the color-line was performing a disservice to the black population. While Dubois acknowledges him as, “a compromiser between the South, the North, and the Negro” : he also said,” Mr. Washington is especially to be criticized.” Dubois believed the exact opposite of Washington, he said, “Such men feel in conscience bound to ask of this nation

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He was the first African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard University, and he focused on history, civil rights, and sociology. In 1909, Dubois was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The Soul of Black Folks was one of Dubois’ great works in 1903.

government took away his permit to perform marriages because he was black and Pentecostal. Afterwards or give a date, he appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and got his permit back by winning the case (Hampton 15). This was a very important example for African Americans because Bishop Williams showed every black American not to be scared, how to stand up for their rights. Moreover, Bishop Williams worked so ww hard to provide housing for people with low incomes. The Bible Way Church’s goal was to create affordable housing without seeking a profit. Therefore, they were able to provide over 400 units of housing for people earning as little as 30 percent of the area’s median income (TOO CLOSE in WORDING TO SOURCE(Bible Way Washington). Besides these accomplishments, Smallwood Williams was also very well known for founding the Bible Way of Church and being the General Secretary of the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith (COOLJC)dates? Did this come before the SC case above?). He was a civil rights advocate who used his connections, network and power to fight for justice, lobbying with politicians at the time for equality. His ultimate goal was not just achieving voting rights for blacks or the right to equal public accommodations, but he also wanted African Americans to be equal in the eyes of white Americans (Taylor

Elbert Frank Cox was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics. As of today he receives a little recognition as he did back in his days. Yet some may ask: How was his early life? What were his mathematical achievements? Although many African American men made contributions to the mathematical world like the self taught Benjamin Banneker(d.1806), the first African American to teach in a predominantly white college Charles Lewis Reason(d.1893), the first African American to attend John Hopkins University Kelly Miller(d.1939), and many more great African American mathematicians. Elbert Frank Cox was a phenomenal African American mathematician and pioneer

O.S Ozzie Williams graduated from Boys High School in Brooklyn, New York in 1938. Then later going to New York University in 1942 to get his master's degree in Aeronautical Engineering and graduate from their in 1947.In His Adult life he did not really do anything he just focus on school to be an Engineer.

William Edward Burkhardt DuBois, whom we all know as W.E.B. DuBois; was a novelist, public speaker, poet, editor, author, leader, teacher, scholar, and romantic. He graduated from high school at the age of 16, and was selected as the valedictorian, being that he was the only black in his graduating class of 12. He was orphaned shortly after his graduation and was forced to fund his own college education. He was a pioneer in black political thoughts and known by many as a main figure in the history of African-American politics. W.E.B. DuBois attended Fisk University, where he was awarded a scholarship after he graduated high school. Fisk University was located in Nashville, Tennessee. While attending this University, this is where he saw

Born to poverty on February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois was of French Huguenot, Dutch, and Afro-American ancestry. He graduated from high school in 1884 as a penniless orphan. However, upon the insistence of the principal of his school, who recognized Du Bois' intelligence and talent, he sought a college education. Through working part-time and with a scholarship donated by members of his church, Du Bois attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee (Reed, 1997 & Logan, 1971). During his time at Fisk, Du Bois was exposed to racism and lynchings, as well as the scientific ideas of truth by way of empirical investigation and statistical methods. These experiences spurred his interest in the use of science and scholarship in the struggle for social justice. Du Bois realized that scientific inquiry could be a powerful tool in the quest to transform society and obtain

According to Anderson (n.d.), the Reconstruction Era (1877) presented a unique problem for black professionals. Although more blacks were becoming qualified for educational and employment opportunities, the job demand shifted to industrial needs. For black leaders, having to get industrial training instead of a broader, more useful education was a beneficial short term answer for employment. The primary advocate for industrial training was Booker T. Washington. Washington, educated at the Tuskegee Institute located in Alabama, expressed publicly that manual labor will be more beneficial to individuals because that was the type of work available (Anderson, n.d.).

White grew up in Atlanta Georgia and came from a moderately well to do family. He attended Atlanta University. The summer of his senior year White experienced a great amount of racism while interning for Atlanta Standard Life Insurance. Those actions of racism inspired him to call for a chapter of the NAACP at Atlanta University. This did not occur due to lack of organization and participation. Following graduation Walter White worked at Atlanta Standard Life Insurance. He was very successful as an insurance salesman. This did not deter his will for racial civil rights. White, along with other coworkers, were successful in stopping the school board from cutting eighth grade from black schools to finance white school. An Atlanta branch of the NAACP was soon to follow. White’s life from henceforth would greatly evolve from a well-established insurance salesman to a prominent figure in the NAACP and the civil rights movement.

Pioneer in the struggle for Afro-American liberation and for African liberation, prolific black scholar, W.E.B. DuBois (1868 - 1963) was one of the giants of the twentieth century. (Foner, flap text)

W.E.B. Du Bois was born on February 23rd, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He was born into a freed family which owned land. He attended an integrated public school. He eventually attended Fisk University, with money which was contributed to him by his fellow church members. While at Fisk, Du Bois was subjected to the harsh racism of the South. After graduating from Fisk University, he continued his education at Harvard College and then Berlin University – before returning to Harvard for his Ph.D. He eventually went on to become a professor at the Atlanta University. Du Bois was a strong racial activist, and fought for the equal rights of blacks – but he also fought for the

The history of the black race in Africa and America was documented in Black Folk, Then and Now: An Essay in the History and Sociology of the Negro Race. Echoing in the Saturday Review of Literature, H. J. Seligmann noted that nobody can neglect the role of the blacks in the making of the world history. Another compliment was made by Barrett Williams. In the Boston Transcript, Williams pointed out that Professor Du Bois had overlooked one of the strongest arguments against racial discrimination. In it, a man of color has proved himself, in the complex and exacting field of scholarship, the full equal of his white colleagues (Gale schools, 2004).