Screening Of Antagonistic Activity Of Marine Actinomycetes Against Clinical Pathogens

The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture. The reason for identification of unknown bacteria was to help students recognize different bacteria through different biochemical tests and characteristics. This is important in the medical field because identification of unknown bacteria can help treat a patient by knowing the contributing source of a disease. Also knowledge of different bacteria helped others make antibiotics used today. This lab was completed by using the methods learned thus far in identification of bacteria.

Often scientists work with bacteria that do not come in a labeled test tube— for example, bacterial samples taken from infected human tissue or from the soil—and the scientist must then identify the unknown microorganism in order to understand what behavior to expect from the organism, for example, a certain type of infection or antibiotic resistance. However, because of the relatively few forms of bacteria compared to animals and because of the lack of bacterial fossil records due to their asexually reproductive nature, the taxonomy used to classify animals cannot be applied to bacteria (Brown 275). In order to classify unknown bacteria, a variety of physiological and metabolic tests are available to narrow a sample down from the fathomless number of possibilities into a more manageable range. Once these tests have been performed, the researcher can consult Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, a systematically arranged and continually updated collection of all known bacteria based on their structure, metabolism, and other attributes.

The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible

The most represented classes were Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which together comprised almost 30% of all bacterial amplicons, followed by the considerably lower representation of Deltaproteobacteria, DA052, and Sphingobacteria (Table 1S). Members of the dominant classes Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteria showed similar patterns between sample sites. However, Deltaproteobacteria had a higher relative abundance at RP in comparison with SB or HH1, and Elusimicrobia was in higher abundance at RP than at HH1. Levels of Nitrospirae and Spirochaetes were the highest at RP than in all other samples.

The sole purpose of this project was to identify an unknown bacteria sample #7. Many tests were carried out to determine what this unknown was. Aside from a microbiology lab, understanding and identifying various organisms are important in disease processes, pharmaceutical arenas, and even in the industrial field. Proper lab techniques, including aseptic technique were used throughout the process of identification.

It is a gram-positive soil organism. Arthrobacter sp. will grow and divide in nutrient- rich soil. They are rod- shaped, tan to yellow in color, and smooth and glossy in colonies. Under normal conditions, they can grow rapidly and divide once every 2-3 hours (Poxleitner, M, et al). This bacterium is tolerant to multiple metals and it is extremely resistant to elevated concentrations of chromate It is also used in the number of carbon sources for growth including glucose, fructose, lactate, succinate, malate and hydrocarbons (Nakatsu, C, et al). In the SEA Phage Project, Arthrobacter sp. would be helping to create more bacteriophage to continue on completing the main objective of this

The purpose of the bacterial unknown independent study experiment completed throughout the course of this lab was to determine the identity of an unknown bacterial species. The unknown bacteria sample was chosen from numerous samples provided by the instructor. The starting unknown sample, unknown #15 was a mixed bacterial culture and a broad approach taken to identify the sample. Various biochemical tests were completed to identify the bacterial species along with the use of databases such as Gideon and Bergey’s to compare the test results of known bacteria to the results of the unknown sample. Information was gathered from the other sources and databases and phenotypic testing completed and the results compared to the database results. Aseptic

Identifying microorganisms can provide information on diagnosing diseases and discovering the most beneficial treatment possible. The purpose of this assignment was to identify an unknown microorganism using biochemical tests and various methods that were practiced in the microbiology laboratory. In this paper, I will discuss the processes of how I came to identify my unknown microorganism.

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, successfully adapting to diverse environments as well as developing symbiotic relationships with host organisms (Lengeler, Drews, & Schlegel, 1999). Prokaryotes may have both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. A cyanobacteria is photosynthetic, commonly called blue-green algae, and may produce toxins (Crayton, 1993). Bacteria are most commonly associated in the general

The purpose to this lab was to isolate and identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture provided to us by our instructor. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been instructed on thus far in microbiology laboratory class. Each test performed, provided us with some key information about the unknown microbes in question and how the bacteria function.

The objective of this experiment is to identify the organisms of two unknown bacterial cultures. Students must identify the species of the unknown bacteria by utilizing the techniques and information learned in previous laboratory exercises. These techniques include streaking for isolation, Gram staining, and specific biochemical tests. Students are given a map known as a dichotomous key, a guide in determining the identity of their unknown sample.

Anti-infection agents have spared countless furthermore added to the expansion in future. They are essentially delivered by the fermentation of fungi (e.g., Penicillium) and bacteria (e.g., Actinomycetes). Specifically, 80% of anti-infection agents are sourced from the family Streptomyces and uncommon actinomycetes, for example, Actinomadura, and just the 20% is created by fungal species (Lo Grasso,

On June 25th, 2015 I chose the test tube labeled #19. This test tube contained an unknown bacterium, and the purpose was to determine the unknown bacterium by the end of the semester. Throughout the course, I ran a series of differential tests that would lead me to discovering the characteristics of my unknown. These tests that I will discuss in this paper are vital to understanding the biochemical mechanisms that different bacteria can perform, therefore helping me identify my bacterium based on molecular differences. During the course of this paper, I will refer to my unknown as unk#19. Also, I would note that aseptic technique was performed throughout the entire experiment and subcultures were regularly made.

We will isolate the bacteria by plating out the root nodule extract on enriched media and typing unique colonies using 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, to understand how these bacterial isolates behave in the presence of other actinobacteria, we will test all isolates arising from these purity streaks against an actinomycete known as C3BA. We will observe the interaction between the C3BA companion strain and the test strain and screen for morphology, color, and the ability to inhibit or affect the growth or behavior of either strain. Finally, we will use mass spectrometry to analyze interactions that produce a visible effect, and we will search for unique natural products that may be responsible for the physiological changes observed. If the mass spectrum yields any unique compounds, we will subsequently isolate these compounds and then analyze the compound by NMR to determine the structure of the molecule. This project ties into the larger theme of identifying novel compounds produced by actinobacteria in the environment, with the ultimate goal of potentially identifying a new molecule that may have useful therapeutic

Some antibiotics are produced from living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and molds. Others are