Scrubby Woods Hypothesis

The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for

diversity is low because only one area was sampled so this could account for the species being the same. If

In Idlewood, the open area was the second to least populous and had the least number of different species. While Tyler State park’s open area has the second to most diverse and populous recorded number of birds. The open area in Idlewood included a grassy field that was cultivated by humans for recreational reasons, but the open area in Tyler State Park included a farmland and the shrubs alongside of it which is the cause for the difference in population and diversity among the two areas. All habitats have limited space because of their boundaries (which were established in the classroom and can be found in the Field Study) but some habitats, such as the young forest, are able to provide more space for more species than other habitats, such as the wetlands. In regards to species diversity, Idlewood’s mature forest has the highest species diversity percentage at 8.52 because of the species: population ratio. Tyler State Park’s young forest has the highest species diversity percentage at 12.88 because it had a higher number of different species than the other

In North America, the boreal forest is known to be one of the largest carbon storage systems. A boreal forest is a biome that is made up of trees such as pines, spruces and another conifer species, the Black Spruce being one of the most essential species of the boreal forest. Fires may be a significant element to the ecosystem in terms of maintaining an ideal community by selecting for species and their traits that, in return, shape the environment, however forest fires are causing the Black Spruce species to deteriorate in population size due to the effects of the fires, caused by a rise in temperature. Clearly, temperature is the leading factor causing constant wildland fires across North America. This concludes the degree of heat intensity in the environment is

Forests of the Southern U.S. (from eastern Texas to northern Florida) have the highest biodiversity of any forests in North America.

The Art piece Webbed woods is a painting by Lilian Garcia-Roig and currently on exhibition at Martin museum of Art in the Hooper-Schaefer fine arts center, Baylor university. It is an abstract painting, as its colors and lines are not arranged in compatible connection. The scene and title of the piece suggest it is a painting of the woods or a swampy area. The painting was made with oil on canvas and has measurements 36”x48”. The color scheme is analogous as it consists of several colors ranging from brown to yellow, orange, green, blue, white and red and has the colors painted in unorganized strokes of different forms and sizes projecting from different angles of the canvas. It is not really clear what time of the day it is because of the

The world around us, while wonderous and exciting; contains some rather dangerous people, places, and things. These dangerous things can be categorized as wolves of sorts. In the graphic novel “Through the Woods” by Emily Carroll, we see that there or multiple scenarios where threats can present themselves. The ideas that can be argued from this are that there are many types of “wolves” of threats one can face and there are also many different aspects that makes each of these wolves terrifying in their own special way. These specific aspects of the character’s dangerous or wolfish qualities are not only displayed in their actions, but also by the textual and visual aspects of story they are in. This can include word choice, visual aids, and

If we were to improve this study, a longer sampling period to obtain a larger sample size would be necessary. With a larger sample size, it would be easier to draw conclusions from the ANOVA. It would also be beneficial to collect more beetles from more varied habitat types. This would allow for making better inferences about the community composition and how that could be affected by tamarisk and management practices. Analyses of potential food for darkling beetles in different habitats is another avenue for

Each group had a total of 12 vials from the first week and 14 vials from the second week. As a result, the contents of 26 vials were analyzed. The insects in the vials were identified using a book called Insects Their Natural History and Diversity with a photographic guide to insects of eastern North America. The insects were identified initially by seeing if they had wings or not. After that initial determination, other distinctive anatomical features were observed in the insects.

For the Chincoteague dataset, presence-absence data will be used, giving more weight to abundant species in the similarity measurements. A similar study was conducted in plant ecology by Bray and Curtis (1957), which is nicely summarized in a paper by Field et al. (1982). Before conducting the cluster analysis, however, the dataset needs to be reduced, as some species are not abundant enough to merit inclusion in this ecology study. To accomplish this, we plan on eliminating species with low abundance, by eliminating those species that fall below a specified abundance percentage. This method, too, was outlined nicely in Field et al. (1982). After reducing the data, cluster analysis can be carried

The study aimed to decrease the density in the designated plots to determine if this change would cause an increase in the growth of other species. This result would contribute to the theory of interspecific competition present in this community. Others have found that competition may be less important than other interactions such as predation amongst insects. This study found that after the removal of E. obscurus there was no increase in the density of the other insect species nor was there an increase in their size. The other species did not show the expected increases that were thought to occur if the competition was removed. There is not enough information to conclude the role of competition in this particular darkling beetle

Originally described in Eastern North America by Carl Linnaeus in 1763, Dynastes tityus (Linn.) is a Beetle found throughout the southern and western United States (Lachaume, 1985). Similar to many other species of beetles, Carl Linnaeus was the original authority on the Eastern Hercules Beetle, having both been the first to collect the specimen and name it. Having been preserved by the Linnean Society of London, the original Scarabaeus tityus specimen, which was the name Linnaeus gave to D. tityus (Linn.), is available online (Linnean Society of London, n.d). D. tityus (Linn.) resides in the family Scarabaeidae in the order Coleoptera (University of Kentucky, 2008). D. tityus (Linn.) is known by the common

After I carried out the entire investigation, I got the results showing biodiversity of two different ecosystems trough Simpson`s reciprocal index showed in graph 3. If we look generally on biodiversity index of both ecosystems, in both cases it is higher than 1, meaning that biodiversity index is not low. As the maximum value is equal to the number of species in the sample, we can say that in case of meadow, biodiversity is optimal, at medium

I hypothesize that the forest woodlot will have moderate density, size, and diversity. Before measuring the characteristics of the woodlot, I observed that the forest was not densely populated and the organisms were spaced apart evenly throughout the forest. However, I predicted that the transects deeper into the forest, 50 feet, would show more diversity than the transects at 25 feet because the forest centralizes deeper into the forest and is less disturbed, which results in a wider diversity of the

Franck and Brownstone define biological diversity as 'the variety and variability of living organisms and the biological communities in which they live' (36). Decades of progress in both the scientific and political arenas have advanced environmental legislation to protect biodiversity at not only the ecosystem level, but for specific species and genetic material as well. Research has shown the importance of every organism and their role in the global ecosystem, and legislation has gradually matured to protect not only species which may become endangered, but the habitats they need to survive as well. Growing consciousness surrounding environmental issues has enabled these protections to be