Scurvy

15. Which of the following is NOT a possible toxicity symptom associated with vitamin C excesses?

Gangrene is a term that is used to identify when a large amount of tissue undergoes cell death (necrosis). Gangrene essentially means death of tissues due to lack of blood supply and invasion of deeper tissues with infection (Porth & Gaspard, 2015). There are two main classifications of gangrene, dry type and wet or moist type (Porth & Gaspard, 2015). There are several other types of gangrene that are rarer, however, all types of gangrene manifest either as dry or wet form (Porth & Gaspard, 2015).

If you have had chickenpox during your childhood, it is sure that the virus has stayed in your system for numerous of years. But the virus has then been reactivated in later life, and that’s what causes the skin disease called “Shingles,” to develop. As well as chickenpox, there are other diseases which weakens our immune system. For example, HIV and/or AIDS can also cause Shingles to develop. Shingles is not considered a life threatening virus, but can become quite painful. Shingles is an extraordinarily painful condition that involves inflammation of sensory nerves.

An increased MVC is a sign of a macrocytic anemia and is typically caused by folate and B12 deficiency, liver disease, hemolytic anemias, hypothyroidism, and alcoholism (Medscape, 2015). The risk factors for this type of anemia are the lack of meat and dairy products in one?s diet, intestinal disease, lack of intrinsic factor (IF), medications such as antacids or particular diabetes type II meds, and having an endocrine-related autoimmune disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Her physical exam is negative, her asthma is well controlled, and she had no other complaints. Therefore, according to her physical exam, she appears to be a healthy young female. However, her lab values of Hemoglobin 10, Hematocrit 30.1, and an increased MCV are indicative of B-12 deficiency anemia. According to Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook (2013), mild cases of this type of anemia do not produce many symptoms, therefore, the complete blood count (CBC) usually verifies the diagnosis. The fact that she is vegetarian puts her at an increased risk for B12 deficiency, due to the lack of meat in her diet. Foods that contain B12 are only attained from animals such as meat, dairy, and fish. A deficiency from B12 from deficiency or malabsorption may not manifest for many years (Hunt, Harrington, & Robinson, 2014). The patient states that she does not drink

My patient is a patient that is leaving the E.R. after being diagnosed with the shingles virus. The patient came into the E.R. with a rash on the right side of the trunk. The rash presented as clear blisters and was painful to the touch. The physician diagnosed the patient with

Vitamin A and D have showed unexpected and crucial effects on immune system. Vitamin A includes innate immune towards microbial infection, absence of vitamin A can increase the chance of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection. Also excessive intake of vitamin A Is associated with toxicity, including blocked hematopoiesis, mitogen-induced T-cell spread, antigen-specific antibody production, and an increased susceptibility to infectious organisms. Vitamin A is also given by Retinoid supplement to treat the skin effects of T-cell lymphoma. Vitamin C also known as Ascorbic Acid also contribute in innate immunity system, Vitamin C works during infection to prevent oxidative damage. Lower concentration of vitamin C in leukocyte is related to reduce immune response in humans. It has been proven that Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Iron chelators such as desferrioxamine inhibit the activity of phagocyte oxidase and reduce reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent killing of bacterial pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, Zinc is a dietary trace mineral that is responsible for growth and development, and it is essential for the function of cells of the immune system. It increased susceptibility to

Beta-carotene deficiency symptoms include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of senses in some cases. These symptoms occur in the aftermath of excessive consumption of Beta-carotene supplements. Individuals experiencing Beta-carotene symptoms must immediately see a physician as a delay in this regard might result in death. Similarly, researchers have established that excessive consumptions of Beta-carotene may result in hypervitaminosis A. Under this condition, the main symptom is skin discoloration among the affected individuals.

Scabies is a skin infection caused by the microscopic scabies mite, Sarcoptesscabiei. Female mites burrow into the top layers of human skin to lay eggs. This causes irritation, a rash and intense itching, which is particularly bad at night.

All vitamins, of DV’s daily consumption, which are essential for normal cell function, growth, and development of the human body are in excess of recommended limits, except the vitamin D, that vitamin builds bones and teeth in the human body, which is in deficiency for 10mg. However, DV takes vitamin D supplements recommended by her physician, of 1,25 mg (1250 mg) per week or 180 mg daily. Other vitamins as C, E and folic acid intake is exceeded the norm for almost the twice. B12 and Riboflavin consumption is elevated more than 3 times.

Scabies is a skin disease caused by a infestation by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Close skin to skin connection with person who have scabies is one way to get it other way is caught from prolonged hand-holding with an infected person. Males and females will have the same symptoms if they have scabies. Most common symptom is itching which usually happens at night. Also rash, sores and thick crusts on the skin are common. If scabies is left untreated for longer time period, the infection gets worse and can reproduce and lay eggs in large numbers. Scabies will spread unaffected body areas. Doctor examines your skin to diagnose scabies, looking for mites. If mite is founded the doctor can take a scraping for the skin area and put it under

Two things that are opposite from each story are that in A Day’s Wait, Schatz is sick, but in Stolen Day, the boy is persuaded into thinking that he possess inflammatory rheumatism but he isn’t genuinely sick. Schatz is not only sick but he considers the fact that he is going to die, because a child in his French school convinces him he is. Although in Stolen Day, the boy isn’t genuinely sick and he just wants to get out of school because he is longing to go fishing. He was in no way really sick. The boy only needs to assume he is sick so he can avoid school and because he demands his own mother to acknowledge him and layoff ignoring him.

Another scientific discovery that the media of the times misinterpreted was the cure for scurvy. James Lind first published his cure for scurvy in 1753; yet, It wasn't until 1795, 42 years later, that the British Admiralty accepted Lind’s recommendation. From the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, William McBride depicts in his article “‘Normal’ Medical Science and British Treatment of the Sea Scurvy” the grave loss the British Royal Navy suffered. Because of that denial of Lind’s theory, the British suffered “serious consequence[s] of scurvy typified by the experience of the British Royal Navy during the war-torn eighteenth century, in which scurvy killed more British navy seamen than enemy action” (McBride 159). McBride

As with other nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, over intake or overdose of vitamin C can become damage to our health. Toxicity of vitamin C can cause nausea, diarrhoea, fatigue, insomnia, flashes or rashes, kidney stones, etc. The amount of vitamin C cannot be higher than 3000mg/day “Actually 2000mg/day is considered to be high for adults” (Ly Pham, 2011).

We live in a society in which we are in a state of constant fear of diseases. From when we are young we are taught repeatedly to wash our hands before every meal and to eat an apple daily. Moreover, we are catechized on a regular basis to bundle up so we do not catch a cold or pneumonia. Likewise, our doctors advise us to visit them annually to make sure we don’t have deficiency related disorders such as scurvy or anemia. What if there is a vitamin that could aid in preventing the aforementioned illnesses? Would it not be worth a try? Consider this an introduction to vitamin C! Details on this “wonder vitamin” are elaborated in the subsequent paragraphs!

hyperkeratosis around the mouth, eyes and sinuses. Vitamin-A deficiency lowers the immune systems defenses often resulting in secondary infections.