Second Mammogram Essay

Mammography has long been the gold standard in breast health screening. Even with advancements in other diagnostic imaging, mammography remains the only screening tool that is proven to decrease the mortality rate of breast cancer by 15%-35%. Even used alone, it has a sensitivity of 84.9% and a specificity of 90.3%. However, there has been extensive research into improving breast imaging techniques because it has been shown that mammography can miss 10% to 30% of cancers due to dense breast tissue. Currently, ultrasound is the secondary imaging test to follow suspicious findings on mammography. Some facilities are starting to use digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) which is a newer technology that has promising results, especially for women

There are no symptoms at the early stages of breast cancer which makes early detection even more difficult. When tumors become large there is an obvious breast mass which is mostly not painful. Symptoms of breast cancer include breast thickening, skin irritation, tenderness, swelling, breast scales, distortion, redness tenderness, nipple retraction and ulceration, There may also be abnormal discharge.

Over the past two decades, mammography has become the central tool used to detect cancerous regions within the breast. This evolution has been enabled by advancements in the technology itself and its implementation into healthcare regulations of numerous countries around the world (Pisano et al., 2004). In its beginning stages, breast cancer is a relatively treatable disease, and increased awareness for both mammograms and self-breast examinations have led to earlier diagnoses. Studies suggest that increases in mammography screenings have been one of the main reasons that breast

The average age of a woman to have a mammogram is forty. However, this was not the case for Jennie Nash. After, her college roommate Lisa was diagnosed with lung cancer, Nash developed what would be considered hypochondriac behavior. She focused on the idea that she was sick and had some sort of cancer as well due to a persisting pain in her left breast. Therefore at the age of thirty-six, she decided to get a mammogram. Even though Nash was young and had no history of breast cancer in her family, she found that the odds were not in her favor. At the age of thirty-six it was confirmed that her right breast was full of small malignant tumors. Nash was young, had to small children, and now breast cancer. At this point in the memoir, Nash shows the reader the horrors of being diagnosed with a life threatening disease that

A patient, with an abnormal mammogram that's highly indicative of breast cancer requires all skills or competencies to provide a holistic patient care. As an FNP taking care of that patient in the primary care setting, she will discuss the results with the patient and then provide her choices to see a breast surgeon for a biopsy. Some patients may prefer a female surgeon while others don't care as long as the surgeon is highly skilled in the area of specialty. If the biopsy turns out positive for breast cancer then the patient will be referred to an oncologist. In making referrals, the FNP not only considers the expertise of other healthcare professionals but also the patient's choices, cultural preferences and insurance coverage to ensure

With the advancement of therapies for breast cancer, comes with the increased use of screening through mammography, a technique that uses x-ray’s, which is helping people get more accurate cancer diagnosis (E). According to the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 40% of all breast cancers diagnosed by mammography is DCIS and the general consensus is that it doesn’t have any metastatic potential making the survival rate regardless of the type of therapy, 96%-98% (E). Another recommended screening method that a nurse could educate a patient for is called the Breast self-examination which is a type of early detection of breast cancer (D). According to the Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, BSE is a readily available, cheap, self-generated, non-invasive and non-irradiative method of breast cancer detection that promotes one’s self-efficacy towards positive cancer control (D).

If patient has not had mammogram or had but does not know where THEN arrange mammogram, see below

A mammogram is an X-ray of the breasts to look for changes that are not normal. This procedure can screen for and detect changes that are suggestive of breast cancer. A mammogram can also identify other changes in the breast, such as:

When mammograms, other imaging tests, or a physical exam shows a breast change that may be cancer a biopsy is done. The only way to know for sure it’s cancer is to have a breast biopsy.

When carrying out student research, it is important to use information from websites and publications that conform to the standards of scientific research. I started to research on mammogram from different websites and established that most websites are not appropriate for use, especially for a sensitive and a medical topic that requires factual and verified scientific information. The topic for analysis is mammography.

To acknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues to give clarification for those who know of it but know little knowledge or have no knowledge. Based on the information in my research I have supporting details for the definition of breast cancer, the treatments and cures for breast cancer, how things would be different without treatments , the causes and effects, stages, the breast cancer awareness month etc. However, around the world there are a ton of women affected by Breast cancers in the United States without signs and clues they will or have the cancer.

Materials and Methods Patients In this retrospective study, performed across 4 oncology centers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt, we evaluated 280 women who were diagnosed with unilateral early breast cancer from between March 2010 and October 2013. Patients received standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (6-8 cycles of an anthracycline and Ttaxane-containingregimen) with or without trastuzumab according to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. After excluding patients who underwent breast conservative surgery because of a possible high incidence of recurrence, the included patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance followed by local radiotherapy with/without hormonal treatment for Candide patients,

However collaboration between a professional interpreter and a family member can be beneficial when dealing with the older person. This is because family member can assist in the provision of physician-to-patient information after the conclusion of the encounter (Rosenberg, Seller & Leanza 2008).

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, it accounts for one of every three diagnoses in the United States. Breast cancers are malignancies, life threatening tumors that develops in one or both breasts.

Depending on the parenchymal pattern, that is, the relative composition of glandular, fatty, and fibrotic tissue, the following may be seen on the mammogram: The ducts radiating out of the nipple, tapering gradually and are visualized because of the fibrotic tissue which surrounds them. They appear as serpiginous structures and are best seen in the upper outer quadrant. When fat predominates the ducts are easily visualized . When fibrous and glandular tissue predominate, the ducts are difficult to be visualized . Blood vessels may be distinguished from ducts since they run more haphazardly through the breast and have a more uniform caliber, whereas ducts increase in caliber as they converge onto the nipple(figure14).The normal skin thickness