Second Sight: A Case Study

The Ethical Lens Inventory is designed to help you determine which of four ethical lenses – four primary ethical perspectives – help you determine what to do when faced with an ethical dilemma that doesn’t have a clear answer.

Most individuals take for granted their ability to see. Eyesight is a major connection to the outside world; around 80 percent of impressions are through sight, meaning that only 20 percent are from the other four senses. The human eye has evolved over time to turn into what it is today. Through human’s needs for survival, the eye has changed to suit humans. Two of the most common types of eyes found in nature are the camera-type eye and compound eyes; the human eye fits into camera-type eyes because just like a camera lens focuses light onto something, the eye does a similar thing. The cornea, a structure in the front of the eye, focuses light onto the retina, and behind the cornea, is a colored membrane called the iris. It has an adjustable circular opening, the pupil, which expands or contracts to determine the amount of light that enters the eye.

In the novella “Truesight” by David Stahler Jr., the key conflict in the book is the terrifying truths Jacob discovers with the ability to see. This is the key conflict because once he sees all the secrets in Harmony, it makes him sprint far away from his hometown, Harmony. It starts off by him learning more about his mom, then the truth about Delaney, and finally learning that he isn’t the only one who can see.

Vision and the act of looking is an important and recurring theme in many horror films. In early gothic literature, such as in Guy de Maupassant 's Le Horla, the author presents vision as definitive and universal proof and stresses the importance of seeing as well as the act of showing gore. As a society, we are routinely told ‘seeing is believing ' in the wake of any paranormal or supernatural phenomena, placing weight on the tangible. However, as science and technology have progressed the faithfulness of visual representation is increasingly throw into question, which in turn has led to societal anxiety. A few years earlier, video footage of an event rarely had its validity questions, whereas now it is easy

Eye Vision Inc, a long-standing medical device manufacturer, has signed a contract to sell Holland Hospital the Clear View Laser and a two-year separately priced maintenance plan for $1 million and $0.2 million respectively. On a when-and-if available bais, Eye Vision Inc. will provide software updats that is embedded with the Laser to maintainance purchasor. The software has never been sold without Laser for its functional necessity. In this memo, as explained below, we conclude that:

Though the American healthcare system has made big steps towards providing affordable healthcare for everyone, there remains a growing population of people who fall through the system’s cracks. These people are the medically underserved. They are typically the victims of unfortunate life circumstances that has left them without health insurance, or with insurance that provides inadequate coverage. The underserved also includes those who have trouble accessing healthcare for any reason. Anyone with illnesses or disabilities that require assistance beyond their coverage, or people who live in remote areas where healthcare services are sparse fall under this title. The term also does not exclude those who have sufficient insurance and resources, but struggle to understand and navigate our increasingly complex system of healthcare.

Even though the pictures patients saw that were produced by the artificial eye were way far from being the ideal type to call someone not blind, they did let the patient see clear enough to allow them to recognize faces who they would otherwise not be able to see. This breakthrough in the bionic eyes is going to benefit lots of patients with common blindness, macular degeneration, all which affect around 500,000 people in the USA. “The Argus II—a kind of retinal

Bionic Body (“Bionic”), a SEC registrant, is a biological medical device company that focuses on the development of implantable biological devices, surgical

“I used to worry that computers would become so powerful and sophisticated as to take the place of the human minds,” expresses Lewis Thomas, the author of “The Corner of the Eye” [Thomas, 83]. A large part of Thomas’s fear of computers is due to the fact that “a large enough machine can do all sorts of intelligent things beyond our capacities” [Thomas, 83]. However, computers cannot replace us; he realizes computers cannot do some of the things that we can do, like being human. We like to be equivocal, imaginative, and self-conscious. Computers are the complete opposite of the traits that define us as human; or as Thomas states it, “they are not designed, as we are, for ambiguity” [Thomas, 83]. As witnessed by history, the present, and soon the future, it would be self-evident truth that computers will not take over us or be “us”.

Change blindness is a phenomenon in attention where drastic changes to a scene can go unnoticed. This is important to the field of Human Sensation and Perception because it helps illustrate how a visual scene is processed. Specifically it shows how even if there is direct attention to a scene, there are times when drastic changes can occur without perception of the change occurring. With extensive research already conducted illustrating this effect, new research has recently been conducted studying different types of scene changes in the hopes of understanding which changes are easier or harder to notice. The results of these studies were quantified by the measurement of change detection time (usually reported in seconds). This subset of change blindness research has far-reaching practical applications, especially in the field of security and law enforcement. By applying the knowledge of which type of stimuli lead to longer change detection times training programs could be developed that allow this population to improve their observation skills.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inheritable diseases that is characterized by gradual deterioration of the photoreceptors in the retina. The photoreceptor cells in the retina, rod cells, are light sensitive cells that are able to sense low levels of light. The frequency of retinitis pigmentosa is one in four thousand births (Deng et al., 2015; Fahim et al., 2012; Haddad et al., 2016; Shu et al., 2012) People affected by retinitis pigmentosa will typically exhibit symptoms of night-blindness first, and this will precede a loss in the patient’s visual acuity field that starts from the outer edge and gradually moves inward resulting in a much smaller visual field and loss of peripheral vision, also known as tunnel vision (Haddad et al., 2016).

The ethical lens that most accurately reflect the recommended solution is the Rights lens. This ethical lens emphasizes duties, obligations, rights, and responsibilities reflected through the deontological theories. By arranging a training program, Adam acknowledges Kelly’s right to having an equal opportunity to undertake the new role. He also performs his obligation to act responsibly toward his employer to appoint the right candidate for the new position; the training program will ensure that Kelly is well prepared to take on the Finance Executive role.

During my days off I would shadow Dr. Devlin in the optometry side of the clinic. I am a current employee at Advance Family Eye Care and I am working in the vision therapy department as a vision therapist. I learned a lot about Dr. Devlin and optometry by following her as she worked with patients, billed, and interacted with the technicians. It was a wonderful experience shadowing a doctor who has recently graduated because she could give me current insights to what it takes to become an optometrist.

As for me, reading wasn’t an effortless task. Reading and writing had become something I loved to do, that was until skipping lines and rereading previous lines kept happening more frequently. Vision therapy became the usual routine, making my eyes pair together, allowing me to comprehend what I was reading.

In the old time, clinical work in hospitals involved doctors listening to patients’ stories of illness before basing their diagnosis on indirect evidence. However, because of the development of new techniques and technologies, including the stethoscope, it allowed doctors to examine all cases more carefully. From this point on, doctors began to focus on the diseases themselves, and their impact on the body, instead of listening to their patients. Additionally, with the help of these new techniques and technologies, doctors gained much power and status because no-one could challenge their stories of illness therefore the patient’s own experience or perception became less important than the doctor’s judgment. As a result, the clinicians' ‘gaze’ of medical perception and experience on the patients become the only "objective truth" for the illness. However, although this "clinical gaze" of clinicians gazing patients helps the doctor narrow down their focus on the pathology, the organ, and the lesion that makes medicine treatment more rational, less theoretical and more practical, it have two effects, which are, first, make the clinicians to exclude structure factors in the treatment and, second, make the clinicians have the absolute authority in defining the illness, that can cause doctors to give out inaccurate treatment to the patients. The rest of my papers will be focused on how these two effects of clinical gaze can create difficulty on the treatment between health care