Secondary Appraisal

Stressors are demands made by the internal or external environment that upset balance, thus affecting physical and psychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance (Lazarus & Cohen, 1977). Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, stress was considered to be a transactional phenomenon dependant on the meaning of the stimulus to the perceiver (Lazarus, 1966; Antonovsky, 1979).

The purpose of the research review was to attempt to answer the question, does monitoring naturietic peptide twice a month for a month post discharge and altering treatment plan vs. monitoring naturietic as standard practice and altering treatment plan decrease readmission rates in Heart Failure patients after discharge from the hospital? The dependent variable was readmission of Chronic Heart Failure patients (CHF). In order to answer this question, the Cochrane Database was searched using the keywords natriuretic peptide, CHF and readmissions with no limits. The search provided 8 results. According to research naturietric peptide aids in showing the probability for readmission and can therefore

In this paper I examine the effects of reflected appraisals on current and past offenders as well as on the remainder of society. Those who have criminal backgrounds often do not feel that they are defined as being criminals, however, society still tends to label them as such and does not fully accept them. A brief history of reflected appraisals is given as well as a general explanation about how the theory works. I then examine the causes and effects of reflected appraisal as well as offering advice on how the social stigmas of prisoners held by society and the stigmas that prisoners hold about society can be removed. Lastly, I describe

The critical appraisal process is implemented to examine the reliability and validity of a research study by evaluating relevance in practice and how to improve the quality of medical care. The focus of this assignment is to critically appraise the article The lived experience of parents and guardians providing care for child transplant recipients by focusing on the study methods, design, sample, data collection, and findings to measure significance of execution in the clinical setting. According to Williams, Eilers, Heermann, & Smith (2012), with a statistical increase in children living “normally” post transplant, there lies a demand to understand the reality of patient’s and family’s experiences and potential stressors presented throughout this financially, physically, and emotionally taxing process.

Biopsychosocial Framework The biopsychosocial framework is a general model or framework stating that the unavoidable interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of health. The biopsychosocial framework is used to organise the biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces on human development (David, et al., n.d) Middle Adulthood Middle age is the prime of life, many of the major life events of middle adulthood, such as parenting and work, span several decades of one’s life. During this time, there are significant developmental events, such as changes in reproductive capacity, developing expertise in well-exercised areas, and transitions in family

- She foreshadows the silence as she pulls up the loan. ( :46 - 1:10)

According to Wood’s (2016) research on interpersonal communication, she defines reflected appraisals as, “our perception of another’s view of us”. Wood’s research finds that our perception of another’s view of us directly affects our self-concept and who we essential think we are today. With this research, I have discovered some traits that I possess and where these originated through the reflected appraisal of particular others in my life today. For instance, I am a crafty, easy going, helpful, funny and responsible adult. Just as Wood’s research would confirm many of these traits have been acquired through many wonderful life experiences.

The 21st century brought changes to many American households. Many people had to completely readjust their standard of living. There were several winners and losers in the recession. Some people were able to purchase homes at low prices. However, things were not as great when the homeowner was ready to sell the home. Homeowners are still overvaluing their homes, but the gap between home prices and appraisals is shrinking.

Lazarus's cognitive–mediational theory of emotions, agrees with my opinion on stress. Lazarus's theory states that "the way people think about and appraise a stressor is a major factor in how stressful that particular stressor becomes". (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. 420)

These answers will connect determining the second part of primary appraisal. After answering these questions, the friend will need to determine whether the stressor is a threat, challenge, or a harm-loss. A threat will cause future harm, a challenge forms a positive reaction towards higher expectations for oneself, and a harm-loss is when the damage has already been experienced. The friend losing his job is a harm-loss as his job will have already been

I have learned so much about stress process and how it affects health. Stress is how we understand and respond to stressors. I have learned we all appraise our stress and respond to the stressors differently. One important aspect about stress is that it can aid us or hinder us. For example, eustress, which is considered good stress, and distress, is known as bad stress. The process of stress can begin with us experiencing the stressor, then understanding how much control we have over the stressor. This process is explained in detail in the Lazarus model.

Stressors have been an important aspect of our class journals each week through the semester. Which leads to the question of where do these stressors come from and why? Stressors are a source of strain that has both an objective and subjective view. Objectively, in a work setting it is based on how much you put into the work and the number of hours you are completing. Whereas subjectively, involves more of the perception of the work and how the work is being done. Strain is the response to these stressors, which include behavioral, physical and psychological aspects. Behavioral strain has an impact on a person’s ability to perform in the work place and how their feelings have an impact on the quality of the performance. A physical response is when something is concretely happening to you and you can feel the strain and pressure from the outcome. The third response is almost a final point of how a person feels which is psychological. They are burned out mentally and result in anxiety and

The Rapid Clinical Appraisal tool was a laborious process, due to spending quite a bit time looking over all of the articles. Overtime, the process became quicker, which it made possible to delete articles that weren’t relevant to this project. According to Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt (2014, p.14), critical appraisal can be efficiently accomplished by answering three key questions as part of a rapid critical appraisal process in which studies are evaluated for their validity, reliability, and applicability to answer the posed clinical question.

This essay demonstrates my understanding of the psychological theories and concepts which were discussed in lectures as I have applied this knowledge to the case example. I have employed two psychological topics such as the Humanistic perspective of personality and Stress and Coping theory.

This essay discusses coping, a complex process exercised by people to suppress, change, or eliminate stress or threat. This essay also discusses copers, that is, people who exhibit certain personality characteristics, known as distress resistant personality patterns, which can significantly influence whether they stay healthy or become ill. Also covered are coping strategies, -strategies people draw upon to solve life’s stressors, some