CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION In this chapter I briefly introduce the topic of secondary trauma and its impact on Children’s Caseworkers who work with traumatized children. Next I explain the problem statement and the research question. In the last sections of the chapter, I include a list of key definitions and limitations and delimitations, explain my perspective as researcher of this study. Overview Secondary Trauma, Vicarious Trauma and Compassion Fatigue are terms used sometimes interchangeably to refer to the reaction that the helping professionals have after being exposed to traumatic experiences of their clients (Sexton, 1999). Child welfare professionals who work on the front lines with maltreated children and their families each day most likely experience vicarious traumatization due to frequent exposure to traumatic material (Baird & Jenkins, 2003). They hear and read about the traumatic events that children endure within their families. These events include serious physical injuries; torture; rape, incest, and other forms of sexual abuse; pervasive neglect; the witnessing of domestic violence; and sometimes even the death of a child. (Bell, Kulkarni, & Dalton, 2003; Harrison, 1995). In order for public child welfare workers to effectively intervene and help victims, they must open their hearts and minds to feeling what went on with the child and his/her family, in the past and presently (Figley, 2002). This openness is referred to as empathy. Empathy must be
For my final reflection paper, I would like to discuss vicarious trauma and its implications. This topic has stuck with me ever since we learned about it earlier in the semester. It is something that I fear will impact me during my work as a counselor. While I do not intend to deal exclusively with trauma patients, I cannot control who walks through my doors so it is in my best interest to understand ways to protect against vicarious trauma. My initial reaction to this topic was, “oh that does not bother me” or “I won’t have a problem with that,’ but as trauma seeped into my personal life it became apparent hat it does in fact bother me. Dealing with my cousins’ trauma this semester and trying my best to be helpful and supportive has proven to be more difficult then original thought.
James is a thirteen-year old Caucasian child who is being physically and verbally abused in his home by his two parents. James suffers from multiple disorders that have not been diagnosed by a doctor. He has been removed from his home that he shares with his two younger sisters. James presently is in his Uncle Patrick’s kinship foster care where he is living. James’s case seems that he is suffering from three of the 12 core concepts. Working with children who suffer with more stress related trauma is a more challenging case for the social workers. Sometimes these cases affect the social worker, and they experience vicarious trauma. A social worker works closely with their patients and form a significant relationship
There are different types of trauma child welfare programs focus on. They typically focus on behavioral and emotional problems and ways to correct the child (Greeson et al. 94). However, it is not as simple as the welfare programs want it to be. One first must look at the trauma history of the child, or the “Trauma History Profile”, also known as THP (Greeson et al. 97). The THP addresses “lifetime exposure to trauma and contains a
The term “Psychological trauma” refers to damage wrought from a traumatic event, which that damages one’s ability to cope with stressors. “Trauma” is commonly defined as an exposure to a situation in which a person is confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to self or others’ physical well-being (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Specific types of client trauma frequently encountered by which therapists and other mental health workers frequently encounter in a clinical setting include sexual abuse, physical , or sexual assault, natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis, domestic violence, and school or/and work related violence (James & Gilliland, 2001). Traumatic
A major public health concern is the exposure of children in the child welfare system to potentially traumatic events. These children require trauma-informed care so as to prevent further trauma and to mitigate the effects of the traumatic effects the child is already experiencing. Both the welfare system and the parent under whom the child is placed have a role to play in ensuring this. This essay reviews two research articles that research on the impact of educating the staff in the child welfare system and the parents on trauma-informed care and how this impacts the well-being of the child.
In the case study by Ghosh-Ippen, Lieberman, and NCTSN Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma Task Force (2012), Amarika is an 18-month-old girl who witnessed the shooting of her mother Makisha at a neighborhood park. Her mother survived the shooting, but was in the hospital for some time after to recover. Her grandmother, Marlene Lawrence, cared for Amarika. Mrs. Lawrence reported that Amarika was refusing to eat and having difficulty sleeping. This is when the social worker, Carla, was contacted to provide trauma intervention for Amarika.
The American Counseling Association’s fact sheets provides various symptoms for children and adolescents that are experiencing trauma. According to the American Counseling Association’s Traumatology Interest Network and facilitator, Karin Jordan (2015) children exhibit different trauma related symptoms at different periods in their lives (ACA et al., 2015). While I am providing therapy as a new LCPC, my client may not explicitly say that they have undergone some sort of trauma, but may unknowingly talk about their symptoms. It will then be my responsibility to consult a colleague, or in this case, the ACA to better serve my client’s needs. I will study the specified age group symptoms, while comparing the symptoms of my client and continue with the diagnosis of trauma (ACA et al., 2015).
“American Psychiatric Association defines trauma as an event that represents a threat to life or personal integrity. Trauma can also be experienced when children are faced with a caregiver who acts erratically, emotional and /or physical neglect, and exploitation” (Maltby, L., & Hall, T. 2012. p. 304). Trauma comes in many different forms including: war, rape, kidnapping, abuse, sudden injury, and
It is estimated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human services that one million children are victims of child abuse and neglect in the U.S every year. This number may be an underrepresentation however, as many cases are unreported. Children who experience trauma in early childhood years or adolescence have impacts that follow them throughout adulthood. The common effects include relationship attachment issues, mental disorders, substance abuse, increased
The most damaging form of trauma is interpersonal trauma which is far more likely than other traumas, such as car accidents, to give rise to posttraumatic symptoms (Van der Kolk, 1989). Maybe the worst form of interpersonal trauma is that inflicted by a child’s carers. When a carer turns abuser, then the world feels unsafe and unpredictable. Serious abuse often leads to fear, helplessness, shame… (Music 206)
Child welfare is one of the most important sociological topics today. It is a concept that is used to describe the combination of efforts and services that are designed with the primary objective of maintaining and promoting the safety as well as the wellbeing of children and ensuring that families have the necessary support they need to ensure that their children have been successfully cared for. In essence, child welfare is social work that is focused on the welfare of children (Keddell, 2014). Child welfare is a broad topic that involves, among others, child protection from abuse, support for families to effectively care for their children, investigation of child maltreatments and neglect, and support for children in
Your introduction is very engaging and emphasizes the important role of communication after experiencing trauma. I believe your topic is very relatable because there is a sense of denial, seclusion, and dissociation that correlates with trauma and loss that many of us have experienced. Open communication within a family unit provides opportunities to express thoughts and feelings and develop appropriate coping strategies (Zambianchi & Bitti, 2014). In your intro you stated, "The impact childhood trauma has on our society and on children." As a suggestion, maybe you could expand on this statement or state specific impacts childhood trauma has on our society or on children. I love your examples of evidenced based interventions and how
Trauma is very complex and varied in its nature. Traumatic events include child abuse, neglect and maltreatment. Wamser‐Nanney & Vandenberg (2013) found that one of the more harmful types of trauma is the abuse is committed intentionally. This directly impacts the victim 's safety and sense of trust. The devastating effects of this type of trauma is the way in which it impacts not only the survivors, but also future generations, and the ability they have to form attachments (Connolly, 2011).
The authors of the book are Perry and Szalavitz, a psychiatrist and a journalist respectively. The short stories covered in this book or rather a child psychiatrist notebook explains various clinical cases that Perry handles. The authors meant to show how traumatized children can be treated and the lesson drawn from understanding their loss, the contribution of love and the healing process as shown in (Perry & Szalavitz, 2006). Perry presents his case studies with an impression of early intervention as a breakthrough in helping traumatized children. But also provided strategies to assist in handling the later stages of the trauma. The book is both resourceful for professional and layman use in addressing trauma cases. Nurturing
Childhood trauma is one of the most heartbreaking situations to ever fathom happening. Childhood trauma includes neglect, maltreatment, physical and emotional abuse, and many other forms of mistreatment amongst children. Childhood trauma occurs between the ages of 0 and 6 years of age. When referencing to childhood trauma, one must take thought into who commits the abuse, who is affected by the abuse, and what long term effects can the abuse have on the victims. One must also take into consideration the sex differences when referring to childhood trauma. Numerous of studies have been conducted and many findings have been made. Prior to conducting this research paper, I only considered childhood trauma to be what it was and never considered the long term effects. Because of my assumption, I never even considered the other categories of the trauma.