Secondary and Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Methods

Treatment and reuse systems: The treatment and reuse systems run the greywater through a treatment system and then is reused to flush toilets, wash clothes or above ground irrigation.

The usefulness of sludge sewage also known as bio solids in the environment can’t be overemphasized. According to Renner, millions of tons of sewage sludge is produced each year[1]. Land filling, incineration and land application are the possible options for the disposal of the bio solids resulting from the waste water treatment. Approximately six million tons of treated sludge produced annually in the U.S is applied to the farmland[6]. This method of disposal is favored above the other methods because it is used as a form of amendment for the purpose of improving the condition of the soil. The treated sewage sludge or bio solid is rich in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and organic content which make it useful as fertilizers to stimulate the growth of plants as well as enhance and maintain productive soils[5]. In addition to the nutrients contained in the bio solids, there is also the presence of a multitude of metals, contaminants and pathogens. This caused the issue of the bio solids application in the agricultural lands to be a disputatious issue globally right from the time the Clean Water regulations were enacted since the late 1980’s[1].

Water recycling has been proven to be an efficient and successful way to create a new and reliable source for water without compromising the health of the public. Scientists have been looking for ways to reuse water, because as water energy demands and environmental needs grow water recycling will play a bigger role in our overall water supply. With the help of scientific research, water recycling, along with water conservation and efficiency will allow us to sustainably manage our important water resources. There are many different practices that scientists have tried, but greywater systems are the most cost efficient and easiest to be used within a household. Some of the other options to a Greywater system would be sedimentation, biological oxidation, and filtration. Sedimentation is the process in which water is separated from solids through the force of gravity. Wastewater is placed in a primary sedimentation tank giving the water an opportunity to separate. This technique is the primary treatment for sewage. Biological oxidation is where the demand of oxygen within the wastewater is reduced, which then will also reduce the amount of active toxins within the wastewater. This secondary treatment is widely used at sewage plants to

There is a common thinking in the academia and professional arenas that the solution to the untreated wastewater discharges into our water bodies can be prevented or mitigated mainly with the construction of wastewater sewer collection systems and wastewater treatment plants. Part of the purpose of this research is to revisit and analyze the benefits of using decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and evaluate the latest wastewater treatment technologies available.

Treatment of industrial effluents results in generation of waste residues which, if not properly disposed, may cause ground and surface water pollution.

Today there are several problems in the U.S and all over the world that affect our environment in a negative way. This research paper will discuss waste disposal and educate you on how it effects our earth. It will also provide some tips and steps on how to save our earth from being damaged by waste disposal. Further, It will tell you who waste disposal affects, who is trying to solve the problem and suggestions for future solutions. After discovering the many ways that rubbish is affecting the earth, maybe this will prompt everyone to do a small part, in order to save the planet.

This report presents a discussion on water recycling issue, which also included the introduction of grey water. Several topics are being discussed such as the importance of water recycling, its process and technologies, as well as the industrial example. There are numbers of reason of why water recycling is considered as one way to conserve water and more advance technology is being developed to enhance the process. Even so, there is an issue of public health to use recycled water in daily life. Furthermore, Water Reclamation and Management Scheme (WRAMS) are discussed as a case study.

“Sources of drinking water are subject to contamination and require appropriate treatment to remove disease-causing contaminants. Contamination of drinking water supplies can occur in the source water as well as in the distribution system after water treatment has already occurred. There are many sources of water contamination, including naturally occurring chemicals and minerals (for example, arsenic, radon, and uranium), local land use practices (fertilizers, pesticides, and concentrated feeding operations), manufacturing processes, and sewer overflows or wastewater releases” (Prevention, 2014).

The wastewater treatment is fundamental to arrange wastewater securely with no risk on individuals ' wellbeing and watercourses would not be contaminated from strong substances and different poisons. The wastewater treatment likewise is vital in recuperating vitality and supplements from wastewater. In any case, wastewater contaminations comprise of suspended solids, metals, inorganic solids and biodegradable broke down natural mixes. Wastewater treatment is predominantly to secure water quality inside nature. Particularly, through houses which are in un-sewered zones as they should be given by suitable wastewater treatment framework which must be introduced appropriately. A code of practice (COP) has been connected so

The protection of public health is the fundamental purpose of collecting and treating wastewater. All water sources contain a broad spectrum of inorganic and organic constituents. Water treatment involves removal of undesirable constituents from the water and then disposal of them in the easiest and safest manner. To achieve this goal, a variety of treatments processors are utilized, which exploit various physical and chemical phenomena to remove or reduce the undesirable constituents from the water. Selection of the treatment processes is one of the keys to successful performance of a water treatment plant.

Many people assume that water is an unlimited natural resource. Is this true? Although water appears abundant, recent circumstances indicate that it is seriously vulnerable to pollution and depletion. Throughout this essay we will examine what ground water is, how it is important in the water cycle, how it's contamination can affect us, and what we can do to protect our ground water from contamination.

Anaerobic ponds are deep treatment ponds that exclude oxygen and encourage the growth of bacteria, which break down the effluent. It is in the anaerobic pond that the effluent begins breaking down in the absence of oxygen "anaerobically". The anaerobic pond acts like an uncovered septic tank. Anaerobic bacteria break down the organic matter in the effluent, releasing methane and carbon dioxide. Sludge is deposited on the bottom and a crust forms on the surface as show in Fig. 2.

Such water may emerge as springs, artesian springs, or may be extracted from boreholes or wells. Deep ground water is generally of very high bacteriological quality (i.e., pathogenic bacteria or the pathogenic protozoa are typically absent), but the water may be rich in dissolved solids, especiallycarbonates and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. Depending on the strata through which the water has flowed, other ions may also be present including chloride, and bicarbonate. There may be a requirement to reduce the iron or manganese content of this water to make it acceptable for drinking, cooking, and laundry use. Primary disinfection may also be required. Where groundwater recharge is practised (a process in which river water is injected into an aquifer to store the water in times of plenty so that it is available in times of drought), the groundwater may require additional treatment depending on applicable state and federal regulations.

Water is one of the necessities for existence of mankind. It is also one of the most abundantly available resources. But indifference of mankind and its abuse of the plentiful resource made water scarcity a problem for many nations around the globe. Water pollution is one major problem that demands utmost attention to deal with emerging water crisis. This paper is an attempt to describe various causes and remedies for water pollution.

Recent years, population growth, urbanization and industrialization has rapidly increased the clean water demand, however, the anthropogenic activities brought by these development, such as wastewater discharge, waste disposal and fertilization, has endangered the water supply by polluting water resources. Especial for the drinking water supply,