Sedimentation: Tangent and Concentration

***Repeat steps 2-4 for each of the following: 5 mL of oil and 2 g each of cornstarch, sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate.

solids and liquids that were in the solution. The centrifuge was able to do this

If the hypothesis is correct, the masses after we place the tubing samples in water will be higher than the masses before. We will see the greatest % increase in mass in the highest concentration of sucrose (1.0 M). The % increase will get lower as concentration decreases. All of the samples should have some increase in mass because we are placing them in distilled water. Based on the known solutions, the data should yield a mathematical model relating concentration and % increase, which we can use to find the concentration of the unknown solution.

In this experiment, we will investigate the effect of solute concentration on osmosis. A semi‐permeable membrane (dialysis tubing) and sucrose will create an osmotic environment similar to that of a cell. Using different concentrations of sucrose (which is unable to cross the membrane) will allow us to examine the net movement of water across the membrane.

The wet, crude product was placed into the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Small amounts of CaCl2 were added to dry the solution. The flask was sealed and the mixture was swirled and left to settle. Once

As the water and the flocs particles progress through the treatment process, the move into sedimentation basin where the water moves slowly causing the heavy flocs particles to settle to the bottom of the sedimentation of the basin this is called sludge and is piped to drying lagoons in direct filtration the sedimentation step is not included and the floc is only removed by filtration system

Seven test tubes were labeled numerically with 2 mL of VO3- and H2SO42- added to each tube. A small pea size portion of solid Na2SO3 was added to the first test tube. Then, 20 drops of distilled water were added to the second test tube. In the third test tube, 20 drops of (.2 M) NaBr were added. Then, to drops of (.2 M) NaNO2 were added into the fourth test tube. A small portion of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 * 6H2O was added into the fifth test tube. The sixth test tube had 20 drops of (.2 M) H2Cr2O4 added, where the seventh test tube was the control tube with no additional chemicals added. All the test tubes were left to react for 3 minutes and then heated in a heated bath for approximately 20 minutes.

2. Add about 20 mL of distilled water and stir the mixture with a glass stirring rod to dissolve the sample. There may be a small amount of insoluble residue. If your sample does not dissolve completely, remove the insoluble material by filtration.

3. Use a sterile pipette to transfer 0.1 ml of each dilution on to a MacConkey agar plate.

The black precipitate was allowed to settle and then the supernatant, the clear liquid that lies above a precipitate, was decanted, or poured carefully off. Then, 200 mL of hot distilled water was added and the precipitate was allowed to settle to repeat the decanting process again.

Thirdly, the proceeding water treatment step involves coagulation and flocculation. The objective of this step is to produce particles of a size that can be easily removed by settlement and filtration. Coagulation destabilizes the colloidal particles followed by flocculation whereby larger particles are formed from small particles through collisions. Conley and Evers (as cited in Hendricks, 2006, p. 277) described coagulation as a process that reduces the surface charge

If more quantity is sprayed, more thickness will be obtained. But the thickness cannot be built up more than a finite value. After a certain thickness the heterogeneous reaction get stopped resulting to powder formation which will not stick on the film. A total volume of the 20 ml mixed solution was sprayed every time on to the substrate with the above said parameter.

3. Place about 3g of the mixture into the evaporating dish and carefully weigh it to the nearest 0.01g with the top loading scale and record its mass on the data sheet.

Beside catalyst, reactor design is of high importance. There are different types of reactors for performing FTS such as multi-tubular fixed bed reactors (also named trickle bed reactor, developed by Shell), Slurry Bubble Column Reactors (or SBCR, developed by Sasol), Fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed reactors (namely Synthol, invented by Kellogg and developed by Sasol) [9, 14, 15]. Although each reactor has it's own advantages, but ease of

10579BSettlement/suspension Suspended solids and colloidal substance in the leachate will settle or float in liquid phase under the force of gravity or buoyancy.