Seedling Research Paper

Germination is the stage of plant growth through which a seed becomes a seedling plant. First, the seed begins to absorb water and the radicle root emerges from the seed coat and into the water. Then, the primary roots grow, the cotyledons move above ground, the stem begins to grow, and leaves develop. The process is complete when the first leaves open and the cotyledons fall off (The Learning Garden 2001).

It is a fact that almost all plants need light in order to grow and maintain health, but is it true that all plants need light in order to germinate? It is also a known fact that most seeds are chosen by producers based on how easily they germinate, as well as other characteristics. Augustus Braun Kinzel performed an experiment in 1926 in which he found the light requirements for hundreds of different plant species. For example, he found about 270 species that germinated in the light (at the same temperature), and about 114 that germinated in the dark (at the same temperature). His experiment showed us that not all seeds within the same genus respond to light in the same way.

What you learned: I learned that each individual section of the plant/flower structure has its own use. The petals of a flower are used to attract insects or smaller animals while the anther produces pollen. The pollen that is produced by the anther is carried by insects or animals to the pistil of another flower where it may fertilize the eggs.

 a. sepals- Sepals are in charge of protecting the flower’s bud before it blooms. It has the qualities of a leave and is usually in

1. Name the structures which are male. Stamen, anther, and filament. 2. Name the structures that are female: Carpel, stigma, ovary, and style. 3. What is an important function of the petals? The important function of petals is to attract insects and mammals. 4. Why is there a

In Lab Girl, Hope Jahren describes flowers as being “a platform of petals surrounding the ‘male’ and ‘female’ parts” (202). Indeed, flowers play a fundamental role in plant reproduction and pollination. As an abundantly diverse species, they can be found in various habitats ranging from the Mojave Desert to

A pollinator is every animal that takes pollen from one plant to another. Pollinators are not only bees and butterflies as some people may think. When an animal gets pollen from one flower and then keeps moving and the pollen gets to another flower of the same species it is pollinating. It can happen by accident. Humans can also be pollinators. For example: if a person is walking in the garden and is smelling the flowers and gets some pollen in his or her shirt; and then when they walk by another flower of the same species then the pollen gets in that flower, that is pollination.

Flowers are thousands of different varieties and not many people ever wonder what makes the flowers more exquisite or what process relation the flower has with the pollinator.

from moving, but in a plant cell the structure is there from the cell wall. Plant and animal

discuss what the cells are doing. Since these cells are in the root tip, they

The germination process begins when water and oxygen are pulled into the seed by the seed’s coating. The embryo’s cells grow bigger as water and air

While reproductive isolation benefits from outcrossing, it more specifically benefits from orchids’ pollinator specificity. Around 60-70% of orchids have just a one pollinator species. This specificity is the main prezygotic reproductive isolation mechanism for the orchids. However, this high specificity in deceptive orchids can be unclear. It depends more on the pollinator specificity of the most deceptive orchids- the food deceptive orchids. Food deceptive orchids that are sympatric often share pollinators. This can lead to species’ barriers to be broken and hybridization, which subsequently, leads to low fertility and fitness in hybridized deceptive orchids. The low fitness of these orchids that share (no specific pollinator) or have a weak pollinator specificity indicates a late postzygotic reproductive isolation rather than a prezygotic.This is due to species sharing pollinator specificity causing a greater divergence in karyotypes than those who are pollinated by specific pollinators.

4. A plant’s ability to distinguish its own roots should be an inherent skill, because root growth occurs in a remarkably heterogeneous space (Hodge 2004).

Nature is everything which surround us and one of this is the flower. Flower is a part of a plant. It is a reproductive organ that produces eggs and pollen grains. Many flower have brightly colored petals and sweet fragrant which make them unique from the other living things. They produce nectar that attracts insect, animals and human too. While the animals eat on the nectar, some pollen grains stick on their bodies. When they move to another flower they carry the pollen and help pollinate those flowers. The pollination by animals are more effectively than pollination by the wind. Why? Because the animals directly move from flower to flower and not like in wind where the pollen can be carry anywhere. There is an assurance if it is

Unlike animals that define all cell lineages during embryogenesis, plants are able to establish novel cell fates throughout their entire life cycle, especially during sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants comprises of a process divided into three phases: sporogenesis, gametogenesis and embryo-/ endosperm-genesis.