Segregation And The United Kingdom 's Policy And Practice

Society is driven by norms and obligations that leads us to having negative perspectives and attitudes toward disabled individuals. We have internalized the physical appearance has a social standard. When the physical differences are not conformed by members of society, individuals with those differences tend to be rejected. For example, in the movie “The Butterfly Circus”, Will was being treated almost like he was not human because he had no arms nor legs. In addition, members of society tend to associate disables as non-productive. According to professor Nanoch Liveh, “The level of societal development, the rate of unemployment, beliefs concerning the origins of poverty, and the importance attached to the nation’s welfare economy and security are all contributing factors affecting attitudes toward people with disabilities.” Not only, social norms

The Medical Model regards disability as an individual problem. It promotes a traditional view of disability, that it is something to be ‘cured’, even though many conditions have no cure. The problem is seen as the disabled person and their impairment, not society, and the solution is seen as adapting the disabled person to fit the non-disabled world, often through medical intervention. Control resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the options provided and approved by the 'helping' expert.

The Poor Law of 1601 was the first to codify the idea of the state to provide for the welfare of its citizens. It distinguished between the 'deserving' and the 'undeserving' poor; relief was local and community controlled.1 The 1834 Poor Law Act Amendment Act was an amendment to the Act for the relief of The English Poor Law of 1601.

Forty-seven years ago the Civil Rights Act was passed to end racial discrimination in America, later on the twenty-fourth Amendment to poll taxes, then the Voting Rights Act, busing was set up to integrate schools, and the quota system was developed. Black Power, the Nation of Islam, and the Southern Christian Leadership conference were also some of the groups that tried to end segregation and promote the African-American race. Although these groups and laws did help end it, it still exists in today’s world and many studies have been done to prove it in the past couple of years.

America has been dealing with segregation from its birth. Many of us wonder today if America should be resegregated. “To segregate is to: to require often with force, the separation of (a specific racial, religious, or other group) from the general body of society.” (Dictionary.com). In order to understand our selves, we must first understand Segregation in America. The constantly changing fashionable take on Segregation in America demonstrates the depth of the subject. In this research paper I am going to take a look at the past, present, future of segregation, and its effects on society today.

Disability, by definition is “a physical or mental condition that limits a person 's movements, senses, or activities;” it is an impairment that restricts an individual 's ability to participate in "normal" routines in their everyday society. The term disability frightens able-bodied individuals because it challenges their own beliefs regarding normality and more importantly, their own vulnerability. As the years have progressed, however, disability has become an umbrella term that is used to categorize individuals who don’t abide to society’s norms; it is used to marginalize individuals as the weaker self. As a result, those who are disabled are thrown into institutions—ostracized from all of society. Susan Nussbaum’s novel “Good Kings, Bad Kings” focuses on an institution through the perspective of patients and workers, each with their own story to tell. While the novel implores and explores various themes throughout the character’s dialogue as prevalent throughout the novel, one striking theme that Nussbaum explores is the theme of the institution as a dumping grounds for children with disabilities. Both “A Pupil and a Patient” by Brad Byrom and “Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History” by Douglas C. Baynton address the issue of disability injustice in institutional settings. All of these readings are similar in that they approach disability as an impairment made by society, and not necessarily the individual.

How does this social construction of disabilities impact institutional policies, and societal and individual behaviors regarding disabilities? In other words, how have people with disabilities been marginalized in the past and present at those three levels? Please be specific and provide examples to support your answers.

In the United States alone over fifty-six million people, or nineteen percent of the population, struggles with disabilities. Each one is unique, ranging from mild to intense, physical or mental, to even behavioral. The way society views this group is as though the handicapped are inferior to others. The aforementioned viewpoint has made terminology such as “retarded” or “slow” second nature in an average American’s vocabulary. It is unjust and has no right in modern civilization.

In the 19th Century particularly focusing on the time period of 1834, The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 was introduced, prior to 1834 the Old poor Law saw the level of poverty alleviated by the dependence upon the parish and their role as an expected unit of Government, however this system was seen to be flawed and unorganised and it was the notion that this led to laziness amongst the poor (Marshall, 1968). The New Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 was introduced as a way as resolving this notion of laziness amongst the poor and restricting the way in which welfare provisions were accessed, the aim was to discourage poor people from applying for support by making them feel worthless

In the past, having a disability was seen as a physical imperfection. People with disabilities were treated as moral and social subordinates. We were trained that if a person had a disability they were not able to perform a task with the same ability as a normal person. They have been denied jobs for which they are highly qualified because they have been considered incompetent, or because employers were not comfortable with their presence in the workplace. Occasionally people with certain disabilities have been committed to institutions and facilities because people believed they were incapable of making decisions or caring for themselves or because people did not want to interact with them (Blanck, 2004).

All they want is to take part of society as a normal individual. The disability-movement has fought for the disabilities rights throughout the years and has achieved goals such as accommodation of architectural infrastructures to serve better people who are physical impairments. The public policies have been great accomplishments because it has helped people with disabilities to be part of society. The disability-movement points out the healthcare finance policies have taken freedom away from the disability community, “ Health-care financing policies force disabled people into Institutions and nursing homes rather than funding independent living. Income-maintenance and public health-insurance policies include “disincentives” that penalize disabled individuals for trying to work productively.”(p.4). The government has done a great job on protecting disabled individuals’ rights. However, the health-care system has isolated this group even more by restricting the level of productivity that they have within the system, as a result this medical model marginalizes this group of people and this program available for this community does not fully address their issues.

The following essay discusses social segregation specifically in respect to the residential division of the wealthy and the poor populations within Australian cities. Beginning with a general discussion about social segregation and its development within society, turns to discuss segregation from the perspective of both the disadvantaged and the affluent populations. The process of how the affluent population distances itself from the poor is also considered, with a focus on gated communities. The essay also presents several arguments for social segregation before concluding with a discussion of what role government should play with regard to segregation and social mixing

The Poor Law was introduced because it was too much money to pay to look after the poor, so in hopes to take the poor off the streets and to stop money going to the poor the government introduced the law in 1834. The law was also put in place to embolden the poor to get back into work and support themselves, There was a law before 1834 called the "Old Poor Law" this was found to be insufficient because there was nothing in place to help the poor because even though they set up workhouses for the poor they didn't offer accommodation for the poor. There was an act passed in 1795 called "The Speenhamland System" which allowed employers to pay their workers exceptionally low wages during these years the middle and the upper classes were getting more angry because they were the ones paying for the poor who would avoid not going to or do any work.

The disability movement enhanced the debate around the models of disability due to the need for strategies to determine how best to meet the needs of persons with disabilities. According to Tappenden and Chilcott (2014), the purpose of models is to represent reality and support decision making processes. Rehabilitation professionals often use models of disability to guide their way of practice (Smart, 2009). Models reflect the views of those that developed them and are do not include everything. Also, there is not one model that encompasses every aspect of disability due to its complex nature. Models include assumptions and that are capable of being modified (Smart, 2009; Tappenden & Chilcott, 2014). There are several models of disability

In this report, the Medical and Social Models of disability are explained, the relevance of both and their importance in society. My own personal views on both are contained throughout and within the conclusion, based on research, referenced and listed in the bibliography.