Selective Abstraction

One of the strengths of this approach is that it looks at thought processes which are ignored by other psychologists. Such processes are memory, attention and perception and have been studied to have an effect on behavior.

Cognitive psychology is a pure science based mainly on laboratory experiments and began to revolutionize psychology in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and became the dominant approach in psychology by the late 1970’s [ (McLeod, 2007) ] according to Saul McLeod. An example of the cognitive perspective would be when one learns to take blood pressure. First you must learn how to manipulate the blood pressure manometer, learn how to hear blood pressure sounds and understand the meaning of the sounds. As each time you practice these activity, you will gain more confidence and competence in performing the task. The strong point of this perspective is that it mostly uses rigorous scientific methods and the approach has had many practical applications. The weakness of this perspective is that it is to simplistic. It ignores the complexity of the human function, biological influences of the human function and it ignores the emotions, conscious experience and free will.

Another example would be that someone with dementia may not see or understand why they have to eat in a particular way, for example, starter, main, dessert. For someone with dementia,

One excellent example is, “Imagine that I’m a professor, you walk down, come though the doorway, sit down at a table…” (Gladwell, Primed for Action). Gladwell describes a character moving through a simple situation. Although this example may seem a bit vague, it provides an image within the reader’s mind of what that particular situation may look like. As Americans, we do this quite frequently, when we think of a certain event or social gathering we are planning on attending or even being forced to attend, we draw up and image within our minds. Sometimes said image may be a good image, with everything occurring exactly as you have thought those events would happen. Sadly, many times within our minds, not everything is pictured in a positive way. We may think of a social event where we may be shunned by everyone else attending the event because of one bad comment we spoke, or our taste in music or other entertainment. Another example of imagery within the book is the quote, “Predicting Divorce, like tracking Morse code operators, is pattern recognition.” (Gladwell, the Secrets of the Bedroom). This example, once again, gives us an image of this certain situation with the use of “Morse code operators” to provide some sort of image for our minds to

Negative changes in cognitions and moods, such as the inability to remember important aspects of the event (s), exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself, or persistent negative emotions.

Difficulty with problem-solving, complex tasks and sound judgments. Planning a family event or balancing a checkbook may become overwhelming. Many people experience lapses in judgment, such as when making financial decisions.

Automatic thoughts can be neutral, positive, or negative. We all have our own automatic thoughts as we move through our day-to-day lives and interact with others. In regards to individuals with psychological disorders, the cognitive model looks at how negative thoughts influence the individual’s feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1995). From a CBT lens, it is the negative automatic thoughts that an individual has that perpetuate symptoms of psychological disorders, the occurrence of negative mood, uncomfortable physiological responses, and maladaptive or inappropriate behaviors (Beck, 1995). While we all have moments of experiencing negative automatic thoughts, for those with psychological disorders, and more pervasive difficulties in living, negative thoughts are often experienced in situations that are neutral, producing negative feelings that lead to maladaptive behaviors or responses that would not

Cognitive theory helps to understand how negative thoughts effects on persons felling and their behavior. For example one of the service users may not eat as they used to eat on the basis of he/she feels they are too fat. Understanding of the negative thoughts of service users may help to overcome their negative thoughts and feelings which lead to happy and healthy life (Clarke, 2000).

Cognitive Biases people are tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to systematic deviations from a "standard of rationality or good judgment, and often studied in psychology. And behavior can playing a big part

The four major perspectives of Psychology are: Biological, Learning, Cognitive, and Sociocultural. First, is the biological perspective which relates to bodily events that affect the behavior, feelings, and thoughts. During the biological perspective electrical impulses shoot along the nervous system and hormones flow through the blood stream alerting the internal organs to slow down or speed up. The biological perspective affects the nervous system, hormones, brain chemistry, heredity, and evolutionary influences. A child who has been exposed to abuse may also grow up to abusive which is an example of the biological perspective. Second, is the learning perspective which the environment and experience affect the behavior of humans or animals. The environment either rewards or punish that maintains or discourage behaviors. Behaviors are based on acts and events taking place within the environment. Environmental influences, observations and imitation, beliefs, and values affect the learning perspective. A violent role model can influence a child to behave aggressively is an example of the learning perspective. Third, is the cognitive perspective which is the psychological approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, and problem solving. The cognitive perspective shows how thoughts and explanations affect their actions, feelings, and choices. The cognitive approach is one of the strongest forces in psychology. A violent person may be quick to

Cognitive theories are theories of personality that emphasize cognitive processes such as thinking and judging. Princess Diana knew that everything she said or did would be judged. This helped to shape her in the direction she went.

For example, when you are asking something of someone. This could be as simple as asking your friend to grab you a drink. It also relates to how you react to something you disagree with. For example, my friend is an advocate for animals. When she brings something up that I don’t necessarily agree with, or at least do not have as strong of feelings towards, I will reevaluate how I respond to her. It may be hard for me to put myself in her shoes, because I do not understand how she feels about the topic but I can create a scenario in my head that helps me relate to her. I can find something I have strong feelings towards and then evaluate how I would want someone to respond to me about the topic.

“Cognitive theory is focused on the individual's thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality. Many cognitive theorists believe that without these thought processes, we could have no emotions and no behavior and would therefore not function. In other words, thoughts always come before any feeling and before any action.” ("Cognitive theory in," 2004)

Some examples are belief, desire, ideas and motivation. Next, cognitive psychologists think memory structures determine how information is perceived, processed, stored, retrieved and forgotten. Cognitive psychology include perception, categorization, memory, knowledge representation, language and thinking processes. “The relationship of cognitive psychology to classroom is like the relationship of physics to engineering. Knowledge of the mind gleaned from cognitive psychology experiments will not tell teachers how to teach children, any more than knowledge of physics can prescribe what a bridge should look like” (Willingham, 2009)

Artificial Intelligence otherwise known as AI, it is the development and the theory of some computer systems which are able to undertake certain tasks which will normally need the intelligence of humans. The tasks that are normally in need of the human intelligence are the likes of translation of languages, making decisions recognition of speech among others. Good examples of these technologies that fall under the AI are; augmented reality, Virtual Assistants, and robots. On the other hand, employee productivity can also be called workforce productivity. Productivity is evaluated in terms of the output of employees within a given time. A Lot of US multinational have embraced the use of this technology as it has been touted as leading to some financial benefits(Bobrow,2005). My research is limited to American multinational corporations like Amazon and Google.