Selective Mutism Analysis

Another social and communication disorder is Asperger syndrome, this is characterised by the following; the individual may have difficulties in social interactions, a restricted range of interests, repetitive behaviours and also they may have a delay in motor development. This may be shown in the individual 's clumsiness or uncoordinated movements, however, those with Asperger 's syndrome don’t have significant delays in both language and cognitive development. There are a number of different symptoms of Asperger 's yet it is unlikely that they would all be present in one person. Each

This section of the DSM-5 is arranged with the disorders being in sequence with the age of onset. They are: Separation Anxiety Disorder, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Substance/Medication-induced Anxiety Disorder. The first is separation anxiety disorder. This is the fear of being separated from the main attachment figure in inappropriate proportions to their developmental phase. Selective Mutism is the inability to peak in a social setting. This interferes with one

Selective mutism is an extreme anxiety disorder, and although children with selective mutism speak and act very normally in their home environment together with family members, they are unable to talk in social settings out of their comfort zone (such as at school). Most of the kids with SM have social phobia or social anxiety, and they are not mute intentionally, but they are unable to speak. Usually, SM is mistaken for autism; that is a much more severe problem. Not all children show their tension, in the same way, some may be totally quiet and not able to talk to anybody in a social setting, others may have the capacity to address a chosen few or be able to whisper. They may stop, be blank, unemotional and may be socially isolated. Excessive shyness, withdrawal, clinging behavior, temper, negativism are some of the characteristics of selective mutism.

The study of Social anxiety shows no clear causes for its variety of symptoms, but psychologists have been able to determined triggers and possible factors for its development. As psychologists continue to study social phobia, they have determined many possible causes. Since the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, psychologists have

Most children are diagnosed during the first years of schooling, when the child’s teacher is usually the first to bring concerns to the parents/caregivers and the school administration. Often it is not until children enter school and there is an expectation to perform, interact and speak, that selective mutism becomes more obvious. Moreover, when school starts, children also experience difficulties

Chapter 1 focuses on autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) and other Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Described in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner, autism (also known as autistic disorder, childhood autism, or infantile disorder) is one of the PDDs along with Rett's disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) referred to as Heller's syndrome, Asperger disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Rett's is a rare genetic abnormality affecting brain development in girls. There are treatments available, but there is no known cure. Asperger disorder affects an individual's ability to socialize and communicate effectively. Individuals with Asperger disorder may be socially awkward and have a compulsive

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also know as social phobia, affects between 1.6% and 4.0% of children. Like other anxiety disorders, girls are more likely to be diagnosed with SAD than boys (Chavira & Stein, 2002). The defining features of SAD are excessive self-consciousness that is more than just common shyness. Individuals with SAD fear social or performance situations where they may face scrutiny or humiliation. The two subtypes of SAD are generalized and non-generalized. Approximately 75% of individuals with SAD experience the generalized type, which is characterized by experiencing distress in almost all social situations. Non-generalized SAD is characterized by experiencing anxiety in only one or two types of interpersonal situations, like public speaking. Generalized social anxiety disorder has high comorbidity with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and ADHD. Non-generalized SAD however has low comorbidity with other disorders. Children with selective mutism have a significantly high comorbidity rate with SAD, about 97% to 100% (Chavira & Stein, 2005).

Bankier et al. (1999) stated that M. would come back and forth to mental health facility not only as a patient but also, as a visitor. He repeats himself in my routine. M was officially detected to have a mild form of autism while in his mid-20s. Psychologist began his observations that took place several months after 1995. He displays took the rest of sadness as well as being hyper, which could have been a trait for bipolar disorder formerly known as manic depression (Bankier et al. 1999). It may also be by his parents did not want him to speech specialist what might have caused him not to get the correct diagnosis. M may have also showed signs of having ADHD or ADD Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

The purpose of Compansano’s article was to increase awareness of the disorder Selective Mutism and the issues connected with the anxiety disorder. Compansano addresses the current treatments, and the need for early intervention. Compansano concludes her article by suggesting the need for more research and training for educational counselors. Compansano described Selective Mutism by using the American Psychiatric Association’s definition as “persistent failure to speak in specific social situations (e.g., school, with playmates) where speaking is expected, despite communicating in other situations” (American Psychiatric Association,

A new disorder has been added to the DSM-5 and this is: social communication disorder. Children with this disorder will have continuous difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication. They have difficulties with pragmatics the unspoken, subtle rules of spoken language that allow people to connect. They don’t always understand the art of two-way conversation. Some of them monopolize conversations or interrupt a lot. Others may hesitate to talk at all.

Most parents fail to recognize their child’s disorder until early kindergarten years and contribute the lack of speech prior to entering school as shyness or fear. The average age of onset for selective mutism occurs between three and five years (Beidel & Turner,

For my primary diagnosis, I have chosen Social Anxiety Disorder 300.23 (F40.10) with a Z code of Social Exclusion or Rejection V62.4 (Z60.4). I have chosen the Z code of Social Exclusion or Rejection because of the case study symptomatology and certain aspects of details of Nadine’s case. Nadine is afraid of being humiliated and is afraid of going to public places, based off of the strong evidence of her past experiences of being bullied at school. Another possible Z code could be Parent -Child Relational Problem V61.20 (Z62.820) given the criteria of feelings of estrangement and hostility expressed by Nadine toward her mother. She expresses that she does not want to “be anything like her mother”(quoted from case study).

Social Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. Jefferson, two forms of Social phobia exist: specific and generalized. Specific social phobia indicates anxiety limited to few performance situations, while generalized indicates anxiety in all social situations (Jefferson). Many people often interchangeably link this disorder to shyness––a personality trait. However, although they have striking similarities, the two are divergent. To begin with, SAD has an extensive etiology ranging from multiple factors. Furthermore, symptoms of various aspects accompany SAD. Moreover, SAD has detrimental impacts affecting quality of life. Lastly, SAD has numerous methods of treatment. Social Phobia is prevalent in both women and men beginning at the onset of puberty (ADAA).

Among all anxiety problems, social anxiety disorder is most common anxiety issue and third most common problem in all mental complications (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Hofmann & Bogels, 2006). SAD is a mental disorder which has a tendency to become chronic and badly disturbs normal functions of life if not diagnosed and treated in time (Beesdo-Baum, et al., 2012; Garcia-Lopez, Piqueras, Diaz-Castela, & Ingles, 2008). It is also among the most prevailing mental disorders and is described in Criterion A of DSM-V as “Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech)” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A specific amount of anxiety is always anticipated socially and helps an individual managing future threats (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). But having social anxiety means that anxiety is too much for normal functioning during social situations and often interferes with

Selective mutism psychological disorder that is a lack of ability to speak or interconnect with people .Usually appearing Pre-K students between 3 and 5 years when they go to school . Mostly, parents understand their kids SM (selective mutism) when they go to school because SM kids generally they are fine with their family, however, they can’t speak in certain situations such as in the classroom.