Self Handicaptop

The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encircling the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and land masses. Although it is closely related to the Brown Bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological forte, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet. Though there are many theories surrounding evolution, the two stand outstanding hypotheses applying to the modification from Brown Bear to Polar Bear are Lamarck’s theory of Use and Disuse, and Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection. The intention of this paper is to compare these thesis and determine the most appropriate in

For instance, among the two hours of observation, the lemurs were huddling together without any grooming or other socializing behaviors. This might be attributed to the colder temperature in Madison than that in their native habitation, Madagascar, even with the help of the temperature controlling system in the zoo (though whether this is true or not would need more data collection to testify). The well-known sunbathing behavior of ring-tailed lemurs was also absent during my observation, and this might be due to their lack of access to sunlight in such an environment. Moreover, there are still many uncertain factors that were not included in the results such as the age of the primates, which might have attributed to long amount of time the primates spent resting. Further data would be needed to get a better understand of the differences in behavior between the captive ring-tailed lemurs and their wild

"Polar Bears, Ringed Seals, and the Complex Consequences of Climate Change" is an article written by Mary Bates who earned her PhD studying Bat echolocation. She works for an American Association for the Advancement of Science. In this article Mary talks about how Climate change is impacting different species at different rates. Here, she focuses on sea-ice dependent animals such as Polar Bears and Ringed Seals at Arctic. She explains on how these animals are dependent upon the sea-ice for living. The Arctic is warming at a rate three times greater than the global average, and that the sea ice coverage is declining rapidly. She also talks about Hamilton's study on sea-ice dependent animals. Before the melting of sea ice the Polar bears used

It was in Eurasia, within 500,000 years ago, that brown bears roamed the land. It was a time when Eurasia was found coated in ice and the Arctic ocean became it. A pack of brown bears were forced to separate for the hunt for food. It is believed that glaciers forced isolation upon the packs resulting in the deaths of many bears. Isolation was an important part of the evolution between the two bears as it forced those with an evolutionary advantage, such as the colour and thickness of their coats, to enhance these advantages and managed to survive and breed. Unlike those who were unable to cope with the environment. This generation then made new adaptations to further increase their likelihood of survival in the polar environment (PBS, 2015). For example, the bears required differently shaped teeth. As seen in the picture below, the back teeth of a polar bear are less in number and size. However, it is clear that the front teeth are larger and sharper. This is because of the change in environment forcing a change in diet for the bears; instead of eating berries the bears had to consume seals and needed sharper teeth to tear through skin. In order to camouflage themselves the bears, overtime, grew white fur to blend in with the snow. Another adaption made the these bears is the hunting technique used; at first only seal carcasses that had washed ashore were eaten by them however over time the bears

Most of the attacks occurred in the summer and fall months when the bears are eating the most in order to gain enough weight for the winter. Within each species, females with cubs were the most abundant in being the culprit for the attack, however, this number is difficult to verify due to the high number of unknown genders in the dataset. Black bear attacks occurred mostly in well-developed areas with high human densities while grizzly bear attacks occurred more in the backcountry where human populations are less

In terms of the grizzly bear, its behavior is complex, but should never be mistaken as mimicking human behavior. Craighead, Sumner, and Mitchell (1995) note that in Yellowstone National Park, a prime laboratory for studying human-grizzly interactions, the relationship has been uneasy at best. They note that bears have a concept of “personal space” and that “a seemingly placid animal (male or female) can become awesomely aggressive and attack instantaneously.” (Craighead et al.149-150). Treadwell, as many Yellowstone visitors do, made the mistake that just because the bears were tolerating his presence at one time meant that they had made up their minds about him and would leave him alone. This was an error of anthropomorphism, as the bears were clearly not perceiving him the way another human would, i.e., as friend or foe; their lack of reaction to him didn’t mean that they saw him as a friend. This was a fairly stupid assumption for Treadwell to have made, particularly given his professed knowledge of and fascination with the bears.

They need food, water, shelter, and a safe place to live. Depending on where they live they sometimes travel along a coast line which is a good place to find food. When the weather gets cold they return to their winter home, which they migrate to year after year. They return to their territory where they were born during the cold season to hibernate. Their hunting ground is their territory they sometimes share their territory with smaller animals and tend to go back to there hunting grounds year around; if they lose their hunting grounds to another bear they must find a new one. Polar bears hunt ring seals during the spring and early summer. They also eat wild berries, seaweed, and grass when they come across them. They will also go after snow geese, lemmings, birds’ eggs, dead whales, and walruses. They can get a successful kill every five days. (Smith)

From creepy little earthworms seeking a cool spot, to polar bears being playful with their cute little loved ones

The truth is that polar bears are recorded as jeopardized and considered by numerous to be undermined. Explorers can keep away from the governmental issues of Alaska and see these superb animals on a Canadian polar bear visit before they vanish. (Gary 1993, p 117)

Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda), Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear), and Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) all have the same life cycle. Once a cub is born, they are extremely small, blind, and consist of a little or no hair. Within a few months, the cub’s eyes are open and they begin to develop their natural hair colour as well as begin to crawl. At four to twenty-four months, the cub is able to run, hunt, and start eating solid food. Once a cub turns two years, they become very independent. At this age, the cub will decide whether they want to stay with or leave their mother. At age four to six, a cub becomes mature and is able to mate. Once two same species of the opposite gender have sexual interactions,

Investigating the behavior of animals is essential to understanding the implications for why an animal may do things the way they do. It helps shine some light on a subject that is not heavily researched and give us a better understanding of the feeding behavior, reproductive patterns, seasonal movement and communication between other animals. As boring or bland as animal observation may be it gives us an increased outlook on the many reasons for an animal’s demeanor. I got the opportunity to observe and analyze White-tailed Deer in their natural habitat and get a better understanding for that of their various behaviors. White-tails in general have interesting behavioural characteristics that define them as a species and enable their survival in the wild.

One of the stand out animals there are the polar bears. Polar bears are known to roam and swim for hours. They spend their days hunting and sleeping after a great meal. They are surrounded by cold snow and ice, and enjoying their day in the snow (?Where do Polar Bears Live,? (n.d)). A polar bear usually feeds on seals. At the San Diego Zoo, the polar bear is woken up at 6:20 when the zookeeper makes its way to feed the polar bears. They are placed in separate rooms to eat, and their meal usually consists of meat, fish, and dog chow. Keep in mind, in the wild, polar bears prefer eating just seals, particularly ringed seals, but they don?t offer that here (?Polar Bear Mornings,? (n.d.)). The reason they don?t feed them seals is because a seal?s body is comprised of fat. Seals are an energy-rich food source, and one seal can provide eight days worth of energy. The fat keeps the polar bears warm in the cold artic (?What Does A,? (n.d.)). Keep in mind in San Diego the average temperature is about 70 Degrees Celsius. The polar bear?s diet is altered. They are also not able to hunt their food, which is what keeps them busy and entertained. The average polar bear enclosure in captivity is 1 million times smaller than the natural range of a polar bear in the wild. At around 9am the bears are moved to the main exhibit. Here people stare at them all

In 2008 the bears were listed by the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to global warming (1). This listing happened because of the ongoing loss of critical habitat for polar bears survival. The arctic sea ice sheets are the primary habitat for the bear. The bear lives, and hunts exclusively on these arctic ice sheets. Increasing global temperatures in the world’s oceans are shrinking the arctic ice for longer periods of time during the late summer months, leaving polar bears with limited hunting and breeding

The polar bear lives up in the Arctic region where global warming and climate change are melting the ice caps that the bears thrive on. They use the ice as a platform from hunting and rest. The random pocket holes in the ice, where the seals pop up at, is where the polar bear catches its prey. With this reduction of ice, “the abundance of seals, and increases the amount of energy and time needed for hunting, leaving less energy for reproduction” (Endangered Species and Habitats).

The observational data was prepared by using the time interval sampling method. The intervals consisted of a consecutive fifteen second spacing. The observation was based off four different videos with a bell sounding off every fifteen second. Separate charts that contained basic information about each child such as, name, age, sex, etc., was used with various categories of behaviours associated with social and cognitive play. One check mark was added every interval when a certain behaviour was present. The data collected also included a ranking system that prioritized behaviours. Once all the data was collected social and cognitive play scores were computed to get the total, relative and average frequency of each child, these calculations are show on Appendix A Table 1. A miscellaneous category was also included; the calculations can be found on Appendix A under Table 2. Both calculations from Table 1 and 2 were used to determine and support specific hypotheses.