Self Serving Bias Analysis

Consistent with Japanese propaganda the nationalist leaders held belief that Japan was “the leader, protector and light of Asia”. However, this perception of liberation from colonial rule was a façade as the civilians of occupied nations experienced harsher treatment under the Japanese than they did under the colonial authorities.

Facts are statements that are indisputably true. Truthful statements are authentic because they are widely accepted to be accurate and fit reality. When answering the question “given access to the same facts , how is it possible that there can be disagreements between experts in a discipline?”, one must consider the definition of an expert. For the sake of this paper I am defining an expert as someone who excels in their field , and constantly evolves their knowledge as their field progresses. I believe that disagreements between experts when presented with the same facts, occur because of bias. Bias is a sway towards one side or view of a situation or statement. Therefore I ask , how does someone’s personal bias affect their interpretation

The war crimes Japanese soldiers inflicted upon the people of Nanking are one of the most heinous examples of this idea of extermination, resulting in the loss of an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 lives. Thousands of women were raped, forced to take pictures with their assailants in pornographic poses, shamed and seen as being dirty, viewed as being subhuman. Soldiers were warned to eliminate the women they had raped, disposing of the evidence of what they had done. “‘Perhaps when we were raping her, we looked at her as a woman,’ Azuma [a soldier] wrote, “‘but when we killed her, we just thought of her as something like a pig’” (50). Rape was often rooted in superstition, the belief that the violation of virgins would provide strength and

The belief, subtly reinforced by racist stereotypes, that the behaviour of Japanese forces, from attacks on Chinese cities in 1937 through Pearl Harbour to the Bataan death march...nullified any humanitarian consideration for the Japanese people (Kyoko + Mark Selden, 1989, book)

The Rape of Nanking by Iris Chang exposed the atrocities of the Japanese military during the World War II in the Chinese capital city, Nanking. Iris Chang is a Chinese American who was born and raised in the United States. She depicts the inhumane violence committed by the Japanese army during the war through various records and interview materials of survivors. From the perspective of Japan, victim, and the America and Europe, she states how Japan, bold by the silence

Stetz and Oh indicate although WWII has ended and is now a mass piece of history, the “comfort women” ordeal still exists today. They continue their isolated existence in poverty and poor health. They have not regained their honor nor had their pains eased. These women continue to endure insulting comments made by irresponsible Japanese officials and by neoconservative nationalists, who claim that many Asian women were merely sex workers for money during WWII. As of the end of January in 1998, the top aide to Japanese prime minister Hashimoto suggested that many women became “comfort women” for money and that the Japanese military’s use of these women was justified by the moves of the times. Within a month of the inauguration of South Korean president Kim Dae-jung, a lifelong fighter for democracy

While these methods may be more targeted for policing it still does not make them any less valid in helping overcome or reduce bias for people outside of that profession. The previously outlined methods are good for overcoming biases often associated with stereotyping and discrimination, but do not necessarily address standard decision-making biases. Biases involving decision making generally have a specialized unique to that particular bias. An example of this would be that it is recommended for escalation of commitment bias that “minimum targets for performance are set, managers are rotated in key positions on the project, and inform decisions maker of the costs on continuing whatever it may be” (Kreitner & Kinicki 337-338). Some overall

It is reasonable to argue that, over the last century or so, the United States has made great strides in addressing issues of injustice. Feminism, the Civil Rights movement, and activism from gay men and women have transformed laws and greatly changed the ways in which these populations were once perceived as inferior. There are still major conflicts regarding race relations, just as issues remain with other minorities and women's rights. At the same time, there has been remarkable progress, indicating a nation more aware of its ethical obligation to treat all equally. To some extent, this same awareness goes to the disabled. Unfortunately, this is a population still very much victimized by bias, and because

My data input from taking the hidden bias test states that I have a slight automatic preference for European Americans compared to African Americans. In conclusion, I would have to disagree with the results, because I personally feel that I have little to no automatic preference toward either race. Moreover, I do not set specific preferences because I view everyone equally and rightfully so. Therefore, I do not use racial preferences with people whom I associate and interact with in my life.

“The Rape of Nanking is a story not only of mass victimization but of individual strength and courage” (83). “ There were men who clawed their way out of shallow graves . . . . or lay buried for days under the corpse of friends before dragging their bullet ridden bodies to the hospital” (83). Many devastating events happened, for example women would run through burning houses to rescue there babies. “ I learned that many of the Chinese victims of the Japanese were apparently murdered for no other reason than pleasure”

In just six short weeks, the Chinese city of Nanjing was devastated with the brutal murdering of civilians ranging somewhere between 40,000 to 300,000 deaths, along with 20,000 to 80,000 of the cities woman being raped. These horrific statistics came to fruition after the Imperial Japanese Army forces abruptly entered the Chinese city of Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China at the time, on December 13, 1937. It is often debated as to how serious the massacre really was as both the death and rape tolls seems to have such large ranges. Although many may argue that the Rape of Nanjing was Japans attempt at world domination, others often disagree, proclaiming that the genocide was simply exaggerated and possibly even fabricated entirely. In many instances this “fabrication” was believed to be an attempt at political propaganda, but there are various supporting facts that prove otherwise. The massacre was in fact a real,

The Japanese Government does’t admit what they have done before. They deny the rape, the killing and all kind massacres. And this kind of action cause the anger form other countries that have been aggregated by Japan. Christopher Barnard investigated what is the truth of the Nanking Massacre in December of 1937 by the Japanese Imperial Army is referred to in high school textbooks in 1995. Brand found eighty-eight used in Japanese high schools that had passed the Japanese Ministry of Education screening, before their authorization of publication, used language that still softened the atrocities of the Nanking Massacre, despite the heated debate and outcry from the Chinese of the 1980s. And he also judged the educational system of Japan. And

One can derive a great deal concerning occurrences, opinions, and day to day life by simply analyzing relevant details within a historical document. Details such as the lives of people in the time and place discussed; the opinions and audience of the author of the document; the biases inherent in the writing and how they are affected by the times; the degree to which the document is representative of the times; and the possible answers one document can provide regarding historical periods. By examining the historical document entitled "Will the Japanese Predominate?", one can clearly see that this piece was probably written just prior to the start of World War II, reflected the biases of a population of San Francisco who were prejudiced

In his work “Right to Kill, Right to Make Live” Takashi Fujitani compares and contrasts the Japanese treatment of colonialized Koreans leading up to World War II with the American treatment of the Japanese residents following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This work highlights how both the Japanese and the Americans treated the Koreans and Japanese Americans, respectively, and offers several different viewpoints. Thus, this work is exceptionally important and provides incredible insight into both cultures and the harsh reality of wartime. Additionally, Fujitani also explains how the Korean and Japanese populations are still influenced today.

To answer the question: ‘given access to the same facts how is it possible that there can be disagreement between experts in a discipline’, it is very possible that there can be disagreements between experts in a discipline because even though normally a fact is a fact which is the truth however sometimes facts allow for your own interpretation which causes disagreements. Emotion is the biggest cause of disagreement as emotions can subconsciously affect you which means that without you knowing it your opinion gets changed. Reasoning can also cause disagreements because experts might have different interpretations however the fact will still be the same. In mathematics disagreements are not accepted, as there is no interpretation that can be made on other the other hand, in history disagreements are more common, because there is some room for interpretation however, historians try to be as objective as they can so that the information we read is as accurate as