Semantics
Linguistics is the scientific study of the language and semantics is a branch of linguistics that deals with meanings, meaning of words alone and words in phrases. It focuses on the relation between signifiers, like words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for, their denotation. The word semantics came from the Greek word Semantikos which means to show or give sign. Semantics refers to the meaning and interpretation of words, signs in language without context, it may refer to the whole text or one single word. For example, “residence” and “house” “destination” and last stop basically mean the same things, but the study of semantics distinguishes the refined difference between the two. What we speak and how we communicate
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But the study of semantics tells us about these variation and relationship of words.
Antonymy
It is the opposite, against or anti of a word. For example, “small and big”, “good and bad”. Some more example of antonyms.
Old new
Young old
Ancient modern
There are three types of “oppositeness” or antonyms. These are
• Implicitly graded antonyms
• Complementarity antonyms
• Converseness antonyms
Implicitly graded antonyms refer to pairs of items such as ‘big’ and ‘small’, ‘good’ and ‘bad’, ‘young and ‘old’. In other words, ‘big’, ‘good’ and ‘young’ can only be interpreted in terms of being ‘bigger’ ‘better’ or ‘younger’ than something which is established as the norm for comparison. Thus, when we say that one fly is bigger than another, we imply that ‘big’ is to be understood in the context of flies.
Complementarity means that meaning is complement to the other word. And the denial of one implies the assertion of the other. Thus, if one is not male, then one is certainly female. When we say:
• Jack is not single implies
• Jack is married but to say
• Jack is not bad doesn’t imply
• Jack is good.
The following can be complementary pairs in some contexts. o Food drink o Cat dog o Fast slow o Land sea
Warm-blooded
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It is related to complementarity and incompatibility. Whereas the relationship of implicit denial is called incompatibility, the relationship of implicit inclusion is called hyponymy. This relationship is easy to demonstrate, the color ‘red’ for example, includes the colors ‘scarlet’ and ‘vermilion’ just as the term ‘flower’ includes ‘daisy’ ‘forget-me-not’ and ‘rose’. The including term in our latter example “flower” is known as the ‘superordinate term’ and the included items are known as ‘co-hyponyms’. The assertion of a
0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence.
A euphemism is used to express something in a neutral or positive manner in place of
Use of word or phrase denoting one kind of idea or object in place of another word or phrase for the purpose of suggesting a likeness between the two.
of a word. Also, the Yerkes (2011) text defines Lexicology as a study focusing on the meaning of words. Thus, we see a lexicon as an area in the human brain which stores the meaning, and all aspects, associated with a word. However, to reach the point where a lexicon may be used language must be acquired. To acquire such a skill, one must master the four levels associated with language.
“Almost all words have connotative meanings”. (Postman & Powers 44) Postman and Powers go into great detail in the beginning of the article to
Definition: The similar placement of two opposite ideas, words or phrases. Usually, the sentences in which antithesis is used in are similar in structure or
The trendy social movement known as locavorism is making news headlines, and sparking controversies across the nation. This so called “hipster” approach to solving issues with the way foods are being distributed has earned its followers recognition across the states. These locavores believe in relying solely on growing and purchasing local food for a better taste, and more nutritious meal. The issue with their strict local approach to purchasing groceries is that it leads to a war of semantics.
Words can carry different meanings depending on the context that it is presented
A thesaurus is a book of synonyms and antonyms. The original meaning, however, is storehouse/treasury.
At the beginning of the semester, I thought that linguistics was more so limited to the pronunciations of words and how they were constructed. Throughout the class I learned that linguistics is the students of language as a whole. Linguistics is also about how we perceive and detect
What do you understand by semantics, as a major component of language, and explain denotative and connotative meanings with at least one example.
People see my example picture, they can understand black men commited a sin, and a white man is on the lookout carefully. People might think there is the hierarchy between black and white men unconsciously, because they have already constructed the image. If there are no word in the picture, people think black and white are different status. Black men are low states while white men are high. This states also comprises of natural. People might not doubt this states. In addition, people might associate black men with criminality, because they have already got this image in the society. If picture shows the reverse, such as all of the prisoner are white men and a watch is black man, you might feel the situation is strange, because their image doesn’t fit the ideology of
Today’s Objective(S): The students will identify the speaker’s use of compare/contrast relationships to convey messages by doing a Venn Diagram on two similar but different children books (The three little Pigs) and ending
In the field of Modern Languages and Linguistics, words are of great importance. A language’s phonology (study of how sounds are organized and used), morphology (study of the form and structure of words), syntax (study of the rules that govern sentence structure), semantics (study of meaning of words, sentences, and expressions), pragmatics (study of aspects of meaning and language use and context), and phonetics (study of human speech sounds) all play an important part in everyday life. These have a major impact in understanding the intent of what is spoken or heard. Due to the importance of communication, literary elements such as metaphors (which are defined as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase
Pragmatics is “concerned with the study of meanings as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader)” (Yule 1996). Pragmatics target is to bring speech to its context in order to understand correctly; as basically in the communication through language there is a way more than what is said. Pragmatics cannot by any means be explained without comparing it to semantics. Semantics is known as the study of literal meaning, on the other hand, pragmatics is the study of non-uttered meaning intended by a speaker (writer). Pragmatics is not concerned with the mere meaning of the language, rather it is concerned with examination of language and the effects of language on hearer. It investigated also inference of what is said (written) to finally arrive at true interpretation of intended meaning. Speaker (writer) may say a