Sensorimotor Regions

Over the past few centuries, humans have been questioning and debating over what makes evolution true. In Jerry Coyne’s work, Why Evolution is True, he noted two kinds of evidence from Darwin’s theory of evolution. The first evidence includes the six testable predictions of evolution: evolution, gradualism, speciation, common-ancestry, natural selection, and nonselective mechanisms of evolutionary change. The second evidence that Coyne noted in his work is the retrodiction. In Coyne’s work, Why Evolution is True, a retrodiction is the facts and data that are not necessarily predicted by the theory of evolution but it makes sense only in the light of the theory of evolution. Retrodiction uses present theories to explain events that happens in the past. Since evolution is a slow process, theories could not be tested. Therefore, we explain the existence of vestigial structures and how humans share a common ancestor with fish through the theory of evolution. Throughout the text, examples of retrodiction are the imperfect adaptation of a panda’s thumb and gill slits in the beginning stages of a human embryo. Common ancestry is proven by the existence of fossils and these evidences proves that evolution is true.

For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival. Animals move for a variety of reasons such as: to find food, a mate, a habitat to live in, or to escape predators. It is important for animals to develop new abilities and traits to accomplish these necessities of living. Natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms for millions of years. Generally, non-human primates are studied to garner an understanding of evolution caused by natural selection because of the many distinctive adaptations that have occurred within their taxonomic order. To understand the origin of locomotion that exist amongst primates, the two categories of primates must be analyzed to recognize morphological trait differences. Then, three major determinants can be evaluated to describe the variety of locomotor patterns primates display: the ecological niches in which the primate originates, the current inhabited niches, and the major key aspects of survival such as

There is a circumstance that has beset the understanding of evolution over time that there is no general theory involving primate evolution. Most of the theories are just mere speculation. Over the years, primates like gorillas, chimpanzees, and baboons all happened to have their turn in evolution. It was previously presumed that the taxon of interest happened to have the exact similar physiology and ecology as the analog taxon (Rafferty, 2010).The majority of the first primate species theories have been utilized because they solely share one fundamental characteristic with the hominines with the chimpanzees as the phylogenetic cousins. This paper addresses the different ecological conditions that handled the evolution of primates. It

Primates have been evolving for millions of years and during this time they have adapted into ecosystems in which they live in. Through the process of primate evolution, the most significant impact was their changes in body structure and locomotion. Evolution is the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Improving body structures and speed of movement made it possible for the primates to escape predators and survive hostile environments. Throughout the Epoch of Cenozoic Grades, primates developed four different types of locomotion in order to adapt to the new environment.

In the following weeks we have been touching on the topic of evolution and how it comes about through the process of natural selection. This is a concept that has been researched extensively for over a century now and still continues to bring interesting findings day after day. There are several sub sections however that have contributed to the evidence of evolution including Ethology or the study of animal behavior (usually under natural conditions). There are also many different behaviors to study, however, this particular lab will focus largely on orientation or “the activity by which animals situate themselves with respect to physical elements within their environment” and taxis or “directed movement toward (positive) or away (negative)

NOVA scienceNOW : 41 - First Primates is a video that mainly talks about Primates who are ancient ancestors of human beings. Primates came out on the Earth 55million years ago when dinosaurs extinct due to collision between an immense comet and the Earth. Plesiadapiform, which is a possibly the first ancestor of primates and human beings, firstly evolved with a mouse-size organism during 10 million years. It existed during the 10 million year with diverse evidences that can show its validity of first ancester of primates. Nails of plesiadapiforms is a critical evidence that they are early ancestors of primates. Secondary proof is a tube-like structure which is found in the middle ear. It happens to be a tube for a huge vessel that goes to the

The nervous system is a chain of interconnected nerve fibers which is constructed by the central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. The job of the nervous system is to send messages from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body.

Ryan exhibits primitive postural and movement strategies through the use of the tonic labyrinthine reflex in both prone and supine position. He also displays an ATNR reflex when he turns his head to the left; if this persists it can inhibit the development of his hand eye coordination along with grasp and reaching difficulties. Since Ryan’s head control is beginning to be voluntary and muscles necessary for neck control are being activated. This could be considered late primitive stage moving into the early transitional stage. The development of Ryan’s neck control can help his postural control. Ryan displays weight bearing through his leg when positioned into the standing position. This occurs based on his positive standing reflex, not the activation of lower extremity muscles. Even though Ryan’s strategies for purposeful movements are based on reflexes, this will make it difficult for him to do activities as a typically developing child that does not rely on reflexive movement.

The anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system are divided into two categories the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

So what is ASMR? ASMR stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response – a very complicated term for the pleasurable and relaxing tingling sensations in the scalp, the back of the neck, and even the rest of the body in response to vision and auditory stimuli.

“Too often ethologists and herpetologists regard snakes and other reptiles as robot-like machines or as animals so alien from us that attempting to put ourselves into their world, even heuristically, is both useless and a scientifically dangerous conceit. On the contrary, approaching unresolved issues by considering the perceptual world and the perspective of the target animal may generate testable hypotheses that were previously unconsidered.”

Synapsids had a skull with a single temporal opening that is believed to have developed into mammals. Sauropsids had a skull with two openings and were the ancestors of reptiles, including birds and dinosaurs. During the early period, Synapsids were the dominant group. The earliest Synapsids were the Pelycosaurs; it included a genus called Dimetrodon. The animal had a large lizard like body with a bony “sail” on it’s back. However the skulls, jaws, and teeth are closer to mammals than reptiles. Lystrosaurus was another genus of the Synapsids; it was 3 feet long and looked like a cross between a lizard and a hippopotamus. A Lystrosaurus had a flat face with two tusks and legs angled away from the body (similar to the typical reptilian

Sensorimotor stage is always interesting for me. I am always wondered about what people know when they born. They are not talking but they feel but what they feel, they think but what they think about the world. They are learning very fast, how they develop their ability and capability. I read Piaget’s article and I got some ideas.

1. In-depth knowledge in one or more of the following areas: Sensorimotor and Neurophysiological Basis of Human Movement, Motor Learning and/or Adaptation, Neuromechanics, or Biomechanics.

middle brain takes us through the feeling stage where we try to relate the smallest things we are seeing in the search results to ourselves like the small descriptions provided of the website. Ending the process with our reptilian brain has us make the final decision which usually ends with the consumer selecting the name brand website. Although this makes the whole process seem taxing, this is the process our brains go through on a daily basis when searching the world wide web.