Sensory Processing Disorders And The Central Nervous System

1. describes how a range of factors have a negative and positive impact on individuals with sensory loss.

An auditory processing disorder, is when your ears and brain don’t cooperate together, the ways in which the brain interprets sound through speaking and or sounds.

There are many types of auditory processing deficit and, because each child is an individual, APD may manifest itself in a variety of ways. Auditory processing disorder can also be developmental or acquired. It may result from ear infections, head injuries or neurodevelopment delays that affect processing of auditory information. Therefore, treatment of APD must be highly individualized and deficit-specific. Intervention or management of diagnosed CAPD generally targets three different

When a person with normal hearing hears the sound travels along the ear then bounces against the ear drum. The eardrum, the bones inside, and the cochlea vibrate and move thousands of tiny hairs inside the ear. When these hairs move an electrical response occurs. This electrical response goes to the hearing nerve and then it is send to the brain.

Basically how sound travels through the ear is a process of many steps. The sound waves are gathered by the pinna and then funneled into the meatus. Those waves then begin to vibrate the tympanic membrane which in turn hits against the malleus. The ossicle bones then vibrate like a chain reaction. The footplate will hit the oval window which triggers the fluid in the cochlea to move. The movement sways across the different hair cells creating impulses that are sent to the brain through the eighth cranial nerve.

We may not like loud noises, so we avoid crowds and clubs, or have textures issues, so we avoid slimy or squishy food, all without therapy. Our flight, fight, or freeze responses are our defense system again the unknown, but sensory processing treatment work on changing that response. With all of materials I compiled, I am in agreement that sensory processing disorder is the next “it” diagnosis for children. I do believe that children with Autism, ADHD, ADD, and Down Syndrome struggle with processing sensory information. However, there is no proof that sensory processing difficulties are not a byproduct or syndrome of the disability. More research is necessary in order to determine how and why sensory processing occurs and affects daily life. The goal for all educators is to provide students with the best education

The middle ear has three ossicles (tiny bones) the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup that connect the middle ear to the inner ear. When sound enters your middle ear, it causes the ossicles to vibrate. These vibrations then move into the cochlea, which is filled with fluid. When the vibrations move the fluid that is in the cochlea, it stimulates tiny hair cells that respond to different frequencies of sound. After the tiny hair cells are stimulated, they direct the frequencies of sound into the auditory nerve, as nerve impulses. (ASHA 2013)

The temporal lobe is meant for processing sounds and dealing with almost everything hearing related. We believe this is possibly our most interactive exhibit with multiple activities designed to test and explore one’s hearing potential! Two activities include a hearing test and a pitch hearing test both of which are clearly interactive and enjoyable for both young and old

Braydon seemed to be to be a healthy newborn. However, the doctor told his parents that he had failed his newborn hearing test. After several follow-ups and screenings for his hearing, he continued to fail. When he was approximately five months old, he had an Auditory Brain Response (ABR) test (S. Smith, personal communication, July 15, 2015). According to Falvo, an ABR is a test that measures the nerve’s response to sound (Falvo, 2014). His mother stated that after he had failed that test, it was determined that he had a profound hearing loss. The doctors explained to her that the hairs inside his cochlea had not developed, and this is the reason he can not hear sound (S. Smith, personal communication, July 15, 2015). Falvo (2014) states that there must be greater than 90dB loss for the individual to be diagnosed with profound hearing loss. Also, the individual had the tendency to feel sensations or could only hear sounds that were extremely loud. After the diagnoses, the doctor wanted him to try hearing aids. After getting his hearing aids, he wore them for a few weeks, the they did not help. Her wish for him was to get his hearing back because she wanted him to have a “normal” life. She did not want him to have to struggle with getting people to understand what he was saying (S. Smith, personal communication, July 15,

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), also known as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), is a neurological defect that affects how the brain processes spoken language. It affects about 5% of school-aged children making it difficult for the child to process verbal instructions or to cancel out background noise in the classroom. A child who has Auditory Processing Disorder may have the same kind of behavioral problems as a child who has ADD, and also might be confused with Autism, Asperger’s, Language processing disorder, and Dyslexia. For children who suffer from APD, the understanding of meanings, sound combination, and the categorical order of words are mistaken.

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a general diagnoses for disorders related to the brains inability to process auditory information correctly. Children with APD have normal development of their outer, middle, and inner ear. Thus, the hearing in the child is satisfactory. However the disability is in the brains lack of ability to understanding and decoding sounds, specifically sounds which compose speech.

Mary Jackson, 27 years old female, was evaluated at the University of Florida Speech and Hearing Clinic on October 10, 2017 because of her complaints of hearing difficulties, vertigo, and tinnitus. She reported the following: often asking people to repeat themselves, dizziness, balance complications, high-pitched tonal ringing in the right ear, and an increased difficulty in understanding conversational speech, especially in the presence of background noise, since becoming pregnant. Mrs. Jackson had a family history of hearing loss from her maternal side due to otosclerosis. She reported a hearing screening had been done approximately 10 years ago while in high school and results indicated normal hearing. The patient experienced drastic changes in her daily routine: discomfort, embarrassment, and social isolation. Her listening needs include communication with her newborn and family members, co-workers, and social networking.

When a child who has a profound sensorineural hearing loss turns one year of age they become candidates for a cochlear implant. Before a child is implanted it is important to perform an MRI to assess the condition of the VIIIth nerve (some conditions associated with ANSD can damage the VIIIth nerve). Studies show that cochlear implantation in children with ANSD can lead to improved speech and language skills (especially compared to children who are not implanted and only receive hearing aids). This is because a cochlear implant allows the child to access a broader frequency range than they would get with just hearing aids (Norrix & Velenovsky, 2014, p. 1571-1572). In one study researchers looked at children with ANSD and their central auditory development and behavioral outcomes after being fit with cochlear implants. During the study 24 children with ANSD were examined and all of which were fit with cochlear implants. The mean age of these children was 3.8 years. The average amount of time that the children had their cochlear implants was 0.8 years (with a standard deviation of 0.57). None of the children who participated in the study had cochlear nerve deficiency. The P1 CAEP was used to assess the central audiotry maturation in all of the children studied and the IT-MAIS (infant toddler meaningful auditory integration scale) was used to assess the behavioral outcomes of the children. The results showed that all but one child in the study showed progress in cortical maturation after being fit with cochlear implants. Most of the children in the study showed age-appropriate central auditory maturation with the acceptation of the few other children who showed delayed cortical responses. There were no children in the study that showed abnormal cortical responses. The results of this study also showed that there could be a critical period at which children with ANSD are implanted. This critical

The snail like shape of the cochlear effectively boosts the strength of the vibrations caused by sound, especially for low pitches. When sound waves hit the ear drum, tiny bones in the ear transmit the vibrations to the fluid of the cochlea, where they travel along a tube that winds into a spiral. The tube’s properties gradually change along its length, so the waves grow and then die away, much as an ocean wave travelling towards the shore gets taller and narrower before breaking at the beach.

The ears are one of the most complex and interesting systems thats human body has and the sounds we hear are actually in many different parts deflected, absorbed, and also filtered by our different body parts. It's then collected by our pinnae (the external part of or ears), whose dimensions further affect the sound on its way into ear. There, vibrations are translated into signals, which are interpreted by your brain. In the 1930s, two scientists at Bell Labs, Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson researched this process and what they discovered has changed and affected how we as humans understand the hearing process.