Serotonin Syndrome Research Paper

Among various types of organ systems, the nervous system is one of the most important one in human body. It is responsible for producing, controlling and guiding our thoughts and responses to the world around us according to James W. Pennebaker (2012). During embryological development, the cells that form nervous system are incredibly specialised and work complexly than the cells that form skin or other body parts. Neurosecretory cells are one of the examples of specialised nervous system cells that produce neurosecretions. Neurosecretions are hormones which carry information from sensor cells to target cells and they can be released directly into the bloodstream

we have a hormone known as trypton that is a derivative of serotonin. When it

The cerebral cortex directs functions like speech, behavior, reactions, movement, thinking, and learning. In fact, some research suggests that bipolar disorder originates with problems with the thalamus, which links sensory input to good and bad feelings. The hippocampus also affects depression. It, like the amygdala, is part of the limbic system. It is vital in processing long-term memory. This section of the brain registers recurring fear. In people with clinical depression, the hippocampus is much smaller. Research suggests, even, that ongoing exposure to stress impairs the growth of nerve cells in this part of the brain. One of the most important jobs of the brain is to process senses, through neurons. Neurotransmitters are specific substances that help relay information to the brain. Scientists have identified many neurotransmitters that affect depression. A lack or excess of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, glutamate, lithium carbonate and gamma-aminobutyric acid are thought to contribute to depression. Acetylcholine is involved in learning and enhances memory. Serotonin helps regulate sleep, appetite, and mood, and inhibits pain. Research shows the idea that many depressed people have reduced levels of serotonin. Low levels of a byproduct of serotonin have been linked to a high risk for suicide. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter which constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. An excess in

The thermoregulatory centre is the part of the brain that monitors and controls body temperature. The pancreas meanwhile monitors and controls blood glucose concentration. It produces a hormone called insulin that reduces blood glucose levels.( Diabetes is a disease which can be caused by insufficient insulin.)

     Another effect of the lack of serotonine is he decreasing amount of dopamine. Dopamine is an important role in cardiovascular, renal,

Body temperature is maintained within a fairly regular range by the hypothalamus that is found in the brain. The hypothalamus

The brain chemical serotonin is connected to many body functions such as sleep, wakefulness, eating, sexual activity, impulsivity, learning, and memory. Researchers believe that abnormal

8. Thermoregulation is to regulate temperature. The hypothalamus sends signals to the blood vessels, muscles, and/or sweat glands to alter the temperature of the human body when needed. You should always keep your body at a steady temperature.

Serotonin is found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). Serotonin in the CNS affects learning, appetite, mood, and sleep. In the GI, it is used to control appetite and digestion. A few feelings come as a result of serotonin, such as happiness, relaxation, and security. Low serotonin levels can cause depression, anxiety, and

Other clinical studies have implicated fluoxetine’s effects on serotonin neurotransmitters, based on the fact that serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Patients taking fluoxetine who were in remission from major depression were given a special diet which was tryptophan-free. This rapidly decreased plasma serotonin levels, and after a short period of time (as little as 30 minutes) many of the patients began to have signs of specific depressive symptoms. Later, the reappearance of more general depressive symptoms were observed in a majority of the patients. Thus it was shown that fluoxetine has a profound effect on the neurotransmitter serotonin, and decreased

It is also known to cause drug interaction in dose dependence manner, single and multiple dose of 30mg did not affect the elimination or area under the curve (AUC) of diazepam 10mg, tolbutamide 1000mg or chlorothiazide 500mg, or of secobarbitone (secobarbital) 150mg, but 60mg prolonged the elimination of diazepam, but physiological responses to diazepam were unaffected (3). Also, fluoxetine might have enhanced the toxic effects of other drugs, such as, cocaine because of its weak pro-arrhythmogenic properties (10). Therefore, the concentration of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine is important.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter in the brain that has an enormous influence over many brain functions. It is synthesized, from the amino acid L-tryptophan, in brain neurons and stored in vesicles. Serotonin is found in three main areas of the body: the intestinal wall; large constricted blood vessels; and the central nervous system. The most widely studied effects have been those on the central nervous system. The functions of serotonin are numerous and appear to involve control of appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behavior (including sexual and hallucinogenic behavior), cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine regulation, and

The nervous system helps maintain homeostasis by controlling and regulating the other parts of the body. A deviation from a normal set point act as a stimulus to a receptor, which sends nerve impulses to a regulating center in the brain. For example, “breathing is involuntary, the nervous system ensures that the body is getting much needed oxygen through breathing the appropriate amount of oxygen.” This shows that the nervous system plays a role in making sure that the breathing patterns of a human stays constant in order to maintain homeostasis. This system is the control center of the human body. The Control center sets the range of value to be maintained and is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The nervous system is important to the human body because its an organ system in charge of sending messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from all parts of the body. What helps send these messages are nerves, one or more bundles of fibers forming part of a system that conveys impulses of sensation, motion, etc, between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. Nerves act as highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. The Central Nervous system is the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, it consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel enables us to have memories and feelings- all the things that makes us human. Three main parts of the brain is the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain. The Forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus, The Midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum, The Hindbrain is made of the cerebrum, pons and medulla, brainstem.

It is not unusual for patients to need more than one mood stabilizing medication for best results.

In the hurry to leave my house I didn’t have time to go to the bathroom. So by the time I got to school and into my class my stretch receptors were telling me it was about that time to go and take a leak. I ask Mr. Butler if I could use the restroom and to my astonishment he said “No!”. As I sit there in his class becoming nervous if I can hold it until the end of class. I start sweating uncontrollably. My temperature had risen from the rise of nervousness. My hypothalamus of my brain had noticed my temperature increasing and activated my negative feedback mechanism in order to maintain the good ‘ol body temperature of 98.6ºF (what goes up, must come down (and vice versa)). My body starts fighting back by dilating blood vessels to give off heat by sweating. (2)