Severe Blood Pressure: A Case Study

Cardiogenic shock is results from damage to the heart such as a heart attack. In cardiogenic shock the heart is damaged and unable to supply a sufficient amount of blood to the body and the body cells do not receive enough oxygen (Huether & Mccance, 2012). Symptoms of cardiogenic shock are chest pain or pressure, coma, decreased urination, fast breathing, fast pulse, heavy sweating and moist skin, lightheadedness, loss of alertness and ability to concentrate, restlessness, agitation, confusion, shortness of break, skin that feels cool to touch, pale skin color or blotchy skin, and/or weak pulse (Dugdale, Cardiogenic Shock, 2012). Treatment of cardiogenic shock includes medications to increase blood pressure sucj as dobutamine, dopamine, milirione, and more. Urgent treatment includes electrical shock therapy (defibrillation or cardio version), implanting a temporary pacemaker and medications given through the vein, pain medicine, oxygen, fluids, and blood or blood products (Dugdale, Cardiogenic Shock, 2012). Cardiogenic shock

Shock is a serious medical issue characterized by insufficient perfusion, which can lead to sepsis and death. A patient going into shock is something that an EMT may face in the field, therefore an EMT must be able to accurately identify and diagnose all types of shock. Although there are many specific types of shock, the most widely accepted division of shock was established by authors of “The Fundamental mechanisms of shock” Hinshaw and cox. Hinshaw and cox explain that shock can be separated into four broad pieces: hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, distributive shock, and extracardiac obstructive shock (Sethi).

Losing just one pint of blood is all it takes to send the body into shock. The heart pumps

Shock is described as a state of hypoperfusion of the organs and tissues, which results in cellular dysfunction and cell death. There are many varieties of shock, but for the purpose of this essay I will focus on hypovolemic shock. The term hypovolemic means low volume; this term in and of itself tells us what the root cause of this form of shock is, low blood volume. There are two different types of hypovolemic shock, hemorrhagic and non hemorrhagic. I will be discussing the possible causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment options for the hemorrhagic type. I will also explain what health care providers in the field should be looking for to determine whether the patient is in a state of compensated or decompensating shock. Compensated shock is when the body is using all of it’s resources to maintain perfusion but in the later stages of shock the patient will decompensate, this is when the body’s attempts at maintaining perfusion are beginning to fail.

Since there is a obvious blood pressure drop which leads to hypovolaemic shock, CVP（Central Venous Pressure）would be monitored. Central venous catheterization performed in measurement of central venous pressure, would be performed. Haemorrhage contributes to nearly half of deaths occurring within 24hrs of traumatic injury and 4/5 of intraoperative trauma mortalities. (Goodnough, L.T& Levy, J.H& M.F.2013)

Alcohol has a meaningful outcome on high blood pressure, so it is important people pay more attention on the relation of alcohol and blood pressure and its outcome on the health.

The nurse has to focus on the eyes system and blood circulation system. This is because the patient has pain in the right eye, and also he has been hypertension.

Shock is described as a state of hypoperfusion of the organs and tissues, which will result in cellular dysfunction and cell death. There are many varieties of shock, but for the purpose of this essay I will focus on hypovolemic shock. The term hypovolemic means low volume, this term in and of itself tells us what the root cause of this form of shock is, low blood volume. There are two different types of hypovolemic shock, hemorrhagic and non hemorrhagic, I will be discussing the possible causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment options for the hemorrhagic type. I will also explain what health care providers in the field should be looking for to determine whether their patient is in a state of compensated shock, where their body is doing everything it can to maintain perfusion, or if the patient is de-compensating and the body 's attempts at maintaining perfusion are failing.

Shock is a common condition in critical care, affecting about one third of patients in the intensive care unit(ICU).

Ms.[Name] returns today. She relays that she is doing well. She is having troubles with her weight, as we discussed it.

Cardiogenic shock is a life threatening emergency that results in high mortality rates 1. Inadequate coronary and systemic perfusion are often present, and commonly lead to multi-organ failure, which, results in further insult and injury. Initial management involves the use of vasopressors and inotropes to improve cardiac output and systemic perfusion. Surgical

target blood pressure before starting VSPi. To this end, shorter acting antihypertensive medications with closer follow up may be more suitable to avoid any delays in starting VSPi. As long as an adequate plan has been established between the patient and physician, the dose titration to achieve target BP can be achieved while the patient is on VSPi. It may not be necessary to delay initiation of VSPi if the blood pressure is not at target, as long as it is not elevated to levels that are more likely associated with acute complications. [Maitland 2010] If the patient is already on antihypertensive medications, the importance of adherence and regular follow up should be explained, and the patient should be initiated on a single antihypertensive medication, titrated to maximum tolerated dose in order to achieve the target blood pressure before adding a second medication if required. [Maitland 2010]

A Shock is a life-threatening condition where the victim suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout his body. A Shock may cause a shortage or lack of oxygen in the body’s organs and tissues, a heart attack or an organ function damage. Heavy internal or external bleeding, infections, a severe allergic reaction, and a heart failure are some of the causes that lead to a shock situation. A shock requires immediate medical care (first aid worker, EMS).

Gentleman presents today in anticipation of release in 2-3 weeks. He has history of hypertension and asthma and reflux. Also mood disorder for which he is on Lamictal, which has been working well for him. He is a nonsmoker and no alcohol. He states he uses his Ventolin inhaler maybe 2-3 times a month. Usually spring is a bad season for him but he has never been on a steroid inhaler, never been hospitalized for his asthma. He is not limited at all by his breathing. Otherwise, no other complaints other than he lost the feeling in the left upper molar and would like to have some Naprosyn or Tylenol for pain until he gets out.

My patient’s blood pressure is between 120/80 and 139/89 mm Hg concluding the diagnosis to be pre-hypertension. The lifestyle choices that I would encourage to keep his blood pressure in control would be to exercise on a regular basis, eat healthier, eat less sodium, and to cut out smoking he if has an persistent everyday continuation. Exercising daily may possibly lead to eating healthier and eating less sodium by reading nutritional labels. An everyday routine of exercising can set the trend for other healthy habits. This is due to the fact that good habits tend to cluster. With these everyday lifestyle changes, my patient can keep his blood pressure under control and lower his risk for developing hypertension.