There are 3 subscales within the items. Intrusion contains 5 items, Avoidance/Numbing contains 7 items and Hyperarousal contains 5 items. These are then scored on 3 things, the Total Frequency, Total Severity and the DTS total (Davidson, 1996). The DTS is scored using a 0-5 rating and the examinee is told to use the past week as a reference time. The typical time from for taking the DTS is normally no greater than 10 minutes (Davidson, 1996). It is made clear that the intent of this for is to assess the severity of PTSD symptoms in those already diagnosed, not to be a means of assessing for the presence of PTSD itself. Thus, the scores that are obtained are intended for use in helping treatment plans (Carlson, 1999). The scale validity of
The interviewee is asked to identify a “target” trauma, or index trauma, to link the symptoms with, however it can also be utilized to assess symptoms of any interviewee identified trauma (V. This version of the CPSS-I-5 assesses symptoms occurring only in the past month (Foa & Chapaldi, 2012). The CPSS-I-5 differs from the CPSS-SR (or Child PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report) in that the CPSS-I-5 is completed in an interview format where the interviewer reads the questions out loud to the client versus the CPSS-SR where the client fills it out independently. The assessment yields a total symptom severity score ranging from 0-80, and a total severity-of-impairment score ranging from 0-28 across 7 domains (Foa et. al., 2001). On both CPSS-I and CPSS-SR, receiving a score of 0-10 results in a below threshold score of PTSD symptoms, 11-15 results in a subclinical-mild score of PTSD symptoms, 16-20 results in a mild score of PTSD symptoms, 21-25 results in a moderate score of PTSD symptoms, 26-30 results in a moderately severe score of PTSD symptoms, 31-40 results in a severe score of PTSD symptoms and 41-51 results in a score of extremely severe symptoms (Foa et. al., 2001). Both the CPSS-I and CPSS-SR have displayed good to excellent reliability and validity (Gillihan et al., 2013). One-week test-rest reliability was assessed for CPSS-SR and received a reliability score of r=.86. CPSS-I scores was also excellent (r = .87) (Gillihan, Et. Al., 2013). Both the CPSS-SR and the CPSS-I demonstrated symptom based diagnostic agreement of 85.5% (Gillihan, Et. Al.,
a 44 year old Divorced African Male came into Henry Ford Hospital ED as a walk-in and told the HFHS staff that he was having mental health issues he does still struggle with depression and anxiety. The consumer stated that he initially went into the hospital after his brother was shot twice in the head. At that time the client reports that he was placed on Risperdal, while at Kingswood in January, and he became a zombie at that time. He stated that he has been in and of the hospital multiple times since then, and each time, he has been placed on Risperdal and he doesn't feel that his meds were ever adjusted correctly.
During the Enlightenment, philosophers were starting to drift away from religion, and many new truths were beginning to be discovered. When these new ideas, or truths, started to make more sense then the certainty of religion, a state of anxiety began to grow within the human mind. As this state of anxiety grew, many anxiety disorders began to sprout and show themselves within humans. These disorders, such as certain phobias, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) began to take over many people’s lives. For many years, doctors have tried using harmful drugs to change the chemicals within the brain, to help relieve anxiety. As truth continues to be discovered, and anxiety continues to rise, therapeutic interventions will be proven to be more efficient in treating anxiety than its counterpart, the dangerous drugs that humans become dependent on.
Maddy is currently suffering from Major Depressive Disorder 296.33(F33.2). Her symptoms portray a change from previous functioning. She experiences depressed mood most of the day. Her self-report of hopelessness indicates the severity of the disorder. She advises of experiencing this feeling for two years, which surpasses the time frame required for diagnosis. She also reports marked diminished interest and pleasure of almost all activities. This is indicated through Maddy’s personal account of the inability to get of bed, and partake in the normal activities she usually does. The client reports a decrease in appetite and the inability to fall asleep. She also expresses loss of energy to continue through the day. She advises of the inability to concentrate, and had a specific plan for committing suicide.
If the patients scored a 44 or greater on their PTSD checklist then they would then complete a baseline assessment. From there if the patient met the PTSD diagnostic standard they were randomly put into 1 of 3 treatment conditions: Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(ICBT) plus Standard Care(SC), Individual Addiction Counseling(IAC) plus SC, or just SC by itself. Instruments that were used were urine drug screens. These were used to confirm that the patient was actively using a substance. Another tool used was the one step Multi-Drug Screen Test card that has an Integrated iCup. This test is used to test for many drugs recent in the patient such as: cannabis, amphetamine, opiate, etc. The Timeline Follow Back(TFLB) Method and ASI were also used. The TFLB is a well-organized interview that is like a self-report, that is used to obtain a patient’s substance intake for the former 90 days. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), is a diagnostic interview used to measure PTSD. For the patient to meet the criteria the CAPS total score must be equal to 44 or greater. The patient must also report symptoms such as numbing, hyperarousal, etc. Moderate PTSD scores were between 44 and 64. CAP scores that were equal to 65 or greater was considered severe PTSD. ASI was used to examine psychiatric problem severity. Things such as chi-squares and T-tests were used to evaluate the differences in baselines in
This is a new scale in development that is used to assess PTSD symptoms based on the patient’s past seven days. This nine item scale is more aligned with the new criteria that the DSM-5 has posed (LeBaeu et al., 2014). It is similarly measured on a five point Likert scale with similar classification for the values. There is currently no validity or reliability on the scale, but it can be used along with a clinical interview for a more accurate diagnosis (LeBaeu et al., 2014).
First some background, I am a Marine Corps Veteran. I got out because of medical reasons. I have also been diagnosed with PTSD. I have never been in combat, but I experienced an event in combat training while I was sleeping. This event is considered hazing and it was done to me by my own unit. Since this event, I have always had trouble with sleeping, staying asleep, and nightmares.
Stress and anxiety affect a large segment of the child and adolescent population. Numerous stressors from a wide range of domains contribute to the current levels of subclinical anxiety and diagnosed anxiety disorders. Without effective coping strategies, the cumulative effect of these stressors can lead to the clinical diagnosis of one or more anxiety disorders. Left untreated, these disorders can carry severe long-term consequences, including social, cognitive, and academic impairments. Furthermore, these deficiencies can lead to significant limitations in adulthood, such as reduced career choices, substance abuse, and an increase in the use of both mental and physical health care.
174). Untreated, PTSD symptoms can last a lifetime, impairing health, damaging relationships and preventing people achieving their potential. However, prospects for recovery are good when treated correctly (Kinchin 2005, p. 199). According to Foa (2008, p.26), PTSD is seen to be a ‘multi-faceted disorder’ that poses a number of significant notional and practical challenges with regard to achieving an accurate assessment. Several strategies may be adopted by primary health care providers to assist patients with both acute and chronic forms of PTSD and various scales exist to measure severity and frequency of PTSD symptoms.
The distinguishing characteristics in assessment of PTSD and diagnosis of PTSD are the evaluation of all of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, the assessment of associated features and comorbid disorders, and the establishment of a differential diagnosis. It is important that assessments for PTSD are psychometrically sound and that it collects information from multiple sources, measures different trauma populations, settings, genders, ethnic groups, and cultures (Foa & Yadin, 2011).
Researchers assessed participants with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS;Blake et al.,1990.) in order to establish current PTSD diagnoses. They were also interviewed with SCID-IV (First et al., 1996) to provide an assessment of current Axis I disorders (other than PTSD), and the borderline personality disorder (BPD) module of the Diagnostic Interview for DSM–IV Personality Dis- orders (DIPD-IV; Zanarini, Frankenburg, Sickel, & Young, 1996) to assess the presence of current BPD symptoms (Zanarini et al.,2000). Researchers also used the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-Computerized Version(PASAT-C) to assess DT. During the PASAT-C, numbers shows up on a computer screen, and participants are instructed to add the most recent number with the previous number. After providing
The first goal data points will utilize quantitative collection with the use of self-surveys and questionnaires. The PTSD Self-Rating Scale, will be used to provide a measurement of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Fan et al., 2011). This self-report survey was given before treatment, to provide a rating on the severity of the PTSD
Hanna was referred by her GP, because she has been experiencing some anxiety difficulties. Client reports that she began to have anxiety five or six years ago. Reportedly, she recently moved out of her parents’ home and this may have caused the anxiety to escalate. This is the first time client has moved away from her parents.
The patient, a thirty-three year old female singer, is having difficulty sleeping, simple activities like getting groceries tire the patient easy, complains of neck pain, and cannot concentrate. The patient experiences worry and anxiety. However, when asked about what specifically, many things were brought up but none were more important than the other.
The difference between social anxiety disorder and other disorders is that a person is capable of enjoying themselves. This is because they are not impacted as severely physically since their fear is only stimulated in the event that they will have to be