Sewage Reclamation And Wastewater Reclamation

Wetlands provide fish and wildlife habitat. It supplies food water, along with areas that can be used for nesting or resting. Wetlands also act as a aquifer recharge and discharge area. They are able to recharge groundwater or excess groundwater is able to discharge into the wetland. Wetlands act as flood storage when rainfall and snowmelt leave an excess of water around and no place to go.

Ducks Unlimited tries to revert these watersheds back to their natural levels by draining the wetlands that have extremely high levels of contaminants in the water. They then clean the soil in the habitat and find a way to decrease the extra contaminates from entering the watershed. Next they will pump healthy water back into the wetlands and install buffer strips that act like a filter that will catch the extra nutrients and silt.

Louisiana should be concerned about the wetlands because of the wildlife and fisheries. Without it, Louisiana would not be able to supply seafood and wildlife. Another concern, is the land going under and people could lose their homes. According to Allured and Martin, “the destruction of the wetlands came from the coastal and offshore oil and gas development” (p.332). Also, there is some thought that humans play a role in the destruction. According to Allured and Martin, “swamps symbolize as dark and chaotic places of the earth” and “marsh as a type of wet area that harbored disease” (p. 333). The importance of ascertaining the cause of the vanishing wetlands is to help restore the wetlands and protect from a hurricane

Wetlands improve water quality by helping with nearby flood control. The bottomland hardwoods areas contain large amount of nutrient rich soil which is capable of soaking up excess water from floods or runoff. These types of wetlands also contain marshes or swamps where the water is gathered to create a new environment for other

These scientists have put together information and implemented many measures and replacement strategies. (Davis-Wheeler, N.D.). River diversion is one idea that they implemented for restoring our wetlands. This is done by pumping river water into decaying marshes, increasing the sediment load and reducing the salinity. There are many of these structures currently in use now and more are coming.

A major function of wetlands is that they naturally clean the table waters. With the use of microorganisms it is possible to naturally clean the water supply much better than many water purification plants. A benefit of purifying water with the use of wetlands is that not only does it save the taxpayers money but it also saves the environment from the pollution that a water purification plant would produce. Another function of wetlands is its storage ability. In the event of a large storm or heavy rain wetlands can store the floodwaters so that they do not over run the near by area. To reduce the effects of flooding wetlands are able to store "stormwater and gradually returning it to surface flow, reducing the effects of erosion by stabilizing soils, and dampening the effects of wave action". M. Dennison et.al. 1993. Wetlands also provide a feeding ground and habitat to many fish, waterfowl and other wildlife. Many endangered birds nest and breed on the shores of wetlands and these habitats are crucial for their survival. The destruction of wetlands has become a major problem, especially in California.

Restoring Iowa’s wetlands can bring many different benefits for both the environment and for society itself. Some of the benefits provided to the environment are creating new and/or improving wildlife habitats, help prevent floods, increase ground water supply, improve water quality, reduce soil erosion and help to increase biodiversity. There are also benefits for society, some of which included recreational activities such as hunting, fishing, bird watching, and canoeing, improving the general economy, and creating additional farm income (Restoring Iowa, Natural Resources).

reused. At this time 99% of the solids in the water are removed and various

The water used may also pick up impurities from the sulfur so must be purified before being recycled as these impurities can also affect the ecosystem the water is released into.

Over the last few decades, the loss of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands has become a point of concern because of the vital roles the wetlands play in the environment. They have been destroyed over time because of natural causes such as hurricanes and weather as well as from the construction of man-made flood-control levees. Wetlands serve many purposes within the environment. Not only do the wetlands effect the residents of southern Louisiana, but they effect the animals that call the wetlands home as well as the industries that thrive off the wetlands. Since the wetlands have begun to disappear, steps have been taken in order to prevent Louisiana’s wetlands from disappearing. Restoration acts have been put in to place by the government to help

Wetlands an important part of our environment. They help in water purification, flood protection, shoreline stabilization, groundwater recharge, streamflow maintenance, and provide a habitat for many fish and wildlife species. They are home to many aquatic plants and insects and are enjoyed by many people for recreational use. A wetland is defined as an area where water covers the land or is present at or near the surface for varying times during the year or all year long. Water saturation determines how the soil develops and what type of wetland it is characterized as. When the wetlands are drained, there is an economic loss, as well as, being detrimental to the environment.

Due to diverse composition of the wastewater, which can be high concentrations of volatile organic compounds, chemicals, and materials of radioactivity. (Chameides, 2011) This diverse composition of wastewater can disrupt the natural operation of municipal treatment plants by inhibiting biological treatment. Additionally, the wastewater may facilitate the formation of harmful disinfection by products. Hence the need for specialized treatment plants for the oil and gas industry. (Maloney & Yoxtheimer, 2012) These specialized treatment plants will customarily be made up of 4 subcategories, “Metals Treatment and Recovery,” “Oils Treatment and Recovery,” “Organics Treatment and Recovery,” and “Multiple Waste streams.” (“Natural Gas Extraction – Hydraulic Fracturing | US EPA”,

Again, much like other small hydro projects, there is a rack at the inlet of the penstock to prevent debris from entering. However, these projects are somewhat unique in their approach to disposing of this waste. All biowaste is used to make compost, while all plastic bottles and de- bris are recycled [6]. Additionally, the

Constructed wetlands (CW) utilise wetland plants, soils and associated microorganism to remove contaminants from wastewater through symbiotic reactions. Several physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within wetlands removes suspended solids (TSS, total suspended solids), organic compounds (BOD, biological oxygen demand), chemicals (COD, chemical oxygen demand), phosphorous, nitrogen, metals and pathogens present in wastewater.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.