Sex Discrimination
Despite Legislation for Equal Opportunities, sexism is still in evidence in the workplace.
Sexism is a particular concern for society when considering it's effect in the workplace. Sexism has always been a particular problem in the labour market especially with the formation of capitalism. In the last half of the
20th century this has been especially highlighted due to the increase of woman entering the labour market. This aroused the need for a legislation for equal opportunity for both sex's to be passed in 1975. It stated that discrimination of a persons sex whether male or female was unlawful in employment, union membership, education, provision of goods, services, advertisements and pay.
In this essay the
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These men / woman dominated areas are clearly seen, simply by looking in classrooms at secondary or university education. 91% of sociology classes are female dominated and about 90% of computer science / physics, classes are male dominated (Pascall 1995: 4).
The Sex Discrimination Act is in power to help woman in a number of ways and lets them into previously closed doors. However due to the fact that most legal institutions are male dominated it is not quite as clear cut as it may seem on the outside. The law is often interpreted restrictivly meaning a woman may have to fight an unequal battle with her employer and even if they come out victorious little compensation is received and she may be victimized at work in the aftermath.
A major need for the discrimination act is to try to help break down the presence of what is known as theglass ceiling'. This is where men get promoted and go further up the managerial hierarchy while woman get to a certain position and can not climb any further. Although they can see the men climbing further up the company they cannot break the glass ceiling themselves (Gregg 1991: 8).
A study called Indsco' in a large industrial conglomerate lead by Rosabeth
Moss Kanter (A management professor at Harvard) in 1977, recognized that people who work in large organizations have a tendency to hire and promote those who resemble themselves (Mildrew 1992: 17).
1. Even though America has come a long way in equality, the race for job equality is not fulfilled quite yet. 2Accoring to Neil Kokemuller, an active business man, men accurately make 77 cents more to the dollar than women who have the exact same job. (2016) 3. “The average American man makes 70-80% more money, doing the exact same jobs as the American woman.”(regender.org 2015) 4. This incredible jump in pay also influences the idea that the majority of women in America are living in poverty. 5According to Stephanie Cholensky, “The United states currently ranks 65th in pay equality.”(Cholensky, 2015) 6 Women who work just as hard as men but do not get payed the amount is a prime example of gender discrimination. 7Maybe women wouldn’t be so
Ratified into law in 1920, the 19th amendment guaranteed that women now had the right to to vote in elections. This began a long journey for women to treated and recognized as equal to men. That journey is far from over. Sexism is the unfair treatment of a person or people based solely on their gender and is mostly seen against women. In the United States, it is generally believed that as a nation, equality is a fundamental right and is given freely to all who live here. People are treated fairly. Unfortunately, that is not necessarily true. Although many believe that all genders have equal rights, sexism is a major problem because of sexism against males and females, violence against LGB, and discrimination against transgenders.
As stated in the oxford dictionary a stereotype is ‘a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing’. Stereotyping is a normal, automated aspect to our thinking process and hence is a vast implication to our outlook on society. Stereotyping is a widely observed Psychological topic and it has been suggested that sex, race and age are the most prevalent aspects to stereotyping (Mackie, Hamilton, Sussking and Rosselli,1996.) Therefore discussing all areas and aspects is far beyond the scope of this essay, hence I will be focusing on sexism and present the explanations surrounding this prejudice and discrimination.
In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference.
Gender based discrimination has been present in our society for ages and has heavily impacted many aspects of peoples lives. Although many gender inequalities have gone unresolved, some situations have come a long way and have almost ended in the United States. For example, access to education has improved greatly because it used to be expected that girls would stay home with their mothers and learn how to do the household activities and watch after their siblings. Boys on the other hand, would attend school to get an education in addition to doing labor work. Back in the day, girls were unable to get an education because it was more valuable if they were working in the household opposed to the value an education could provide because that
Being a female has many short-comings when it comes to legal rights. Females are often viewed as lesser-than in comparison to males. Lack of representation, lack of education rights, lack of status are all issues facing females in modern culture. Gender discrimination is not a new issue as females have been viewed as subordinates for years. Females being discriminated against is a matter that needs to be discussed and attention must be brought to it.
One of article of “ Psychology Today” in 2016 were come to social problem on racism, sexism and discrimination. In the article, the good news is that we can make great progress in minimizing these undesirable qualities in people. The bad news is that we may cause unnecessary friction and misunderstanding. For example of bad influence, play a word test for a moment. There is one guy said: “ Whites, Blacks, Latinos”. First thing that comes to your mind maybe is rich, poor and uneducated.
There are many things that a potential employee has to worry about when considering taking a position within a company. Things like the amount of pay they need, the benefits that will be offered to them, the values and morals of the company and whether or not those values and morals align with their own, and if they could see themselves growing within this company throughout the years because no one wants to work a dead end job for the rest of their life. However, along with all that an employee has to worry about, there are also things that they should not have to worry about. Things like equality, fair pay, ADA approved reasonable accommodations should they be required, and being discriminated against, especially based on their gender.
Gender discrimination can cover a wide variety of social prejudice. Throughout much of world history, even American history women have been treated as second class citizens. In the United States women have had to fight for rights such as the right to vote, or own land. These are just a few examples of the many injustices that women have had to face. Men have held the position of leadership, and power throughout history when it comes to almost everything. Men would even decide to whom a women would get married to among a whole host of other things. Gender Discrimination in the workplace is one of the more recent problems that United State citizens have had to face. Despite the input of laws such as the equal pay act of 1963 this
Gender-based discrimination and social norms are the most common causes of violence against women. Theoretically, these societal norms that have been in grated to us since childhood lead us to believe that the male gender has the right to do whatever they want while at the same time restrict the female gender from doing the same or condemn or punish them if they fail to obey such stigmas. So far, efforts have only focused on responses and services for survivors; given the devastating effect violence has on women. Preventing the violence from happening in the first place by addressing its root and structural causes is the best way to end violence against women and girls.
The United States has a long, troublesome history with gender inequality. While we are no where close to ending social disparity between the sexes, gender discrimination within the context of the law has diminished considerably. For instance, women are no longer required to have their husband sign a form that allows them to have a credit card, and women are beginning to assume a dominant presence in careers that they legally were not allowed to have in the very recent past. However, at a very basic level America’s legal system upholds a type of discrimination that seems trivial on the surface, but, at its core, represents a fundamental societal flaw that emboldens discrimination against women. Simply put, until women are legally and safely allowed to be topless anywhere a man can be topless, we can never achieve true gender equality.
Gender discrimination. Everyday, everywhere. We’ve all gone through it. But the real question is….. Which gender is discriminated against more? I for one believe that females face more gender discrimination than males do. Gender inequality is defined as perceptions of individuals due to their gender and judgements or expectations based on what society deems ‘appropriate’ for their gender. I will admit. Males are also discriminated against. But not as strongly as females. In our society, we constantly hear phrases that corrupt our expectations of women. Phrases that manipulate us to believe that there is only one gender and one gender only that is strongly discriminated against. Today, in our generation, in our community, in our society, that may as well be true.
The events that transpired on 1 September 1939 will forever live in notoriety, its effects on the world resounding to this day. With the majority of the male population sent to the European front, many of the male-dominated occupations were left vacant. As a result, women were suddenly permitted to venture from the domestic sphere they had been so fervently ingrained to maintain and into the workforce. The necessity of labor gave women a taste of independence, subsequently implanting the notion that women were just as capable as men, and should be treated so. In the decades since, women have increasingly implemented themselves into the job market, but even today are met with resistance. Some companies are governed by an outdated mindset on the roles of men and women in society, and is reflected in their hiring practices, producing a gender bias in various professions. This prejudice against women is unethical and depraved, yet solving such an issue is easier said than done. In order to begin to resolve this problem, a question is proposed: should gender quotas be enforced within the workplace when hiring?
Street harassment involves a person or persons inflicting unsolicited and unwanted comments, gestures, conversations or interactions in a public space upon another person, usually in a sexually suggestive or predatory manner. In the context of male to female street harassment in Australia, the occurrence rate is extremely high with almost every woman experiencing it at some point (The Australia Institute 2015). Whilst any person, regardless of gender, can be the perpetrator of these actions and it is a minority of people who offend, there are particular social and cultural influences effecting male to female occurrences that should be addressed as the cultural environment promoting these actions reflect the entrenched gender- discrimination that permeates sectors of Australian culture.
Gender discrimination against women is out of control across the world and seeps into many aspects of women 's lives. This discrimination harms women in two ways. First, women directly experience stressful events. The experience of sexism is so common that some research suggests women can experience one to two instances of everyday sexism. But women aren 't only harmed by sexism through the physical stress caused by others. They are harmed to the extent that they internalize and adopt these sexist attitudes that can manifest as poor self-concept. This negative self-concept often obvious on a subconscious level, as women and men will demonstrate automatic negative biases against women (Ferguson, 2013).