Sexual Deviance And Its Effects On Target Population

Four years earlier he had been asked by his local hospital to come in for an Aids test. But the stigma surrounding the condition meant his family were not given a definitive picture.” - https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jul/11/health.aids1

As a disease, HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a blood-borne virus that is transmitted from person to person via sexual intercourse, mother to child, or intravenous drug paraphernalia. The virus itself causes, usually over a period of time, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS. AIDS actually targets the immune system and causes an immunosuppression which makes people who have the virus more susceptible to cancers and infections. This is the most unique feature of the HIV/AIDS virus and is the most deadly since its implications are destructive if not properly treated (Moore 51). The significance of this disease is one that began in the 1980’s and initially was thought to be a virus only found within homosexual communities and was even originally called Gay-Related Immunodeficiency Virus. However, in 1981, it was found that the virus was spreading beyond the gay community when Blacks accounted for 25% of the HIV/AIDs population and a trend began where Blacks continued to contract HIV significantly more than

According to recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.2 million individuals in the United States have HIV (about 14 percent of which are unaware of their infection and another 1.1 million have progressed to AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of HIV cases in the US has increased, however, the annual number of cases remains stable at about 50, 000 new cases per year. Within these estimates, certain groups tend to carry the burden of these disease, particularly the gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) and among race/ethnic groups, Blacks/African American males remain disproportionately affected. (CDC)

Human sexuality is a common phrase for all, and anything, pertaining to the feelings and behaviors of sex for the human race. Sexuality has been a topic that has been discussed and studied for as far back as 1000 years B.C. and is still being studied today. As the discussion of sexuality has progressed through history, theories have been created based on research and experiments that scholars have implemented, based on their own perceptions of human behavior. Out of the many theories that pose to explain sexual behavior, Sexuality Now explained ten that are seemed to be the most overlapped, and built off of theories. Of these theories, two that were discussed in the text were the behavioral and sociological theory. These two theories cover some of the basic ideas of what could possibly influence a person’s sexuality.

In the recent years there has been a growing concern about the impact of homophobia. In the United States, few endeavors were made to make backing bunches supporting gay and lesbian connections until after World War II, albeit prewar gay life prospered in urban focuses, for example, Greenwich Village and Harlem amid the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The interruptions of World War II permitted earlier detached gay men and ladies to meet as fighters, war laborers, and different volunteers evacuated from residential communities and posted around the world. More noteworthy mindfulness, combined with Senator Joseph McCarthy 's examination of gay people holding government occupations amid the mid 1950s, prompted the primary American-based political requests for reasonable treatment in psychological wellbeing, open strategy, and vocation. Until the passing of the Sexual Offences Bill in 1967, male homosexual activity was illegal. Gay men were frequently imprisoned for consensual sex with another man. Lesbianism was not illegal, but was similarly subject to public disapproval, or ignored.

Despite the dangers and difficulties involved, gay men and women were able to find places to meet. The Minorities Research Group (MRG) was formed in 1964, and provided isolated lesbians with resources and information about female homosexuality and the opportunity to meet other women” (Allan Horsfall 2014). “Through the 1980s, as the gay male community was decimated by the AIDS epidemic, demands

In Ireland there was a campaign after the outbreak which used the slogan “Don’t bring home AIDS”, it was very much believed to be a foreign disease. A character in Tóibín’s The Blackwater Lightship (1999) points out, the problem AIDS ‘did not exist’ because “we don’t talk about sex” (1999: 146). In the novel Helen feels that her brother has excluded his family from his life, Helen and her brother might once have been close but she came to feel he “had replaced his family with his friends”, meaning his gay friends (Tóibín

"This new gay culture increasingly marks a full spectrum of social life: not only same-sex desires but gay selves, gay neighbors, and gay social practices that are distinctive of our affluent, postindustrial society".

Blow out usage of methamphetamine was similarly associated with trading sex for medicines. Vagrancy may be connected with more opportunities to throw with sex assistants who will exchange methamphetamine for sex. Trading sex for methamphetamine was furthermore associated with participating in more lifted measures of unprotected butt-driven sex and seeking out unsafe sex accessories. The article demonstrate that these practices suggest that the trading of sex for methamphetamine may be a fundamental wellspring of new HIV sicknesses inside and outside of the gay gathering or men having sex with other men gathering. Passing on more secure sex messages to HIV-positive men who appreciate trading sex for solutions may lessen the amount of new HIV

An important aspect of the interpersonal factor is the acknowledgment of friendships and family in health. For example, if a person in this population has peers that view syphilis as non-threatening, they may believe this as well. Research conducted by the CDC showed that MSM men living in the Los Angeles area, consider “syphilis a ‘dirty’ disease, signifying patronage of male prostitutes, many of whom are from lower SES”. It also seems that men who have sex with men, but do not identify as “gay”, are more likely to engage in unprotected sex due to a disengagement from the gay community or gay friendships. (“Syphilis Elimination Effort”, 2002)

“The HIV treatment community sees the act as a critical step in our fight against the AIDS

In public health, as in many fields there are a set of conundrums that practitioners, leaders and law makers have to address in order to provide the most appropriate service to their populations. One of these conundrums is the battle between what is good for the community vs. what is good for the individual. This topic will be broken up to the community vs. the individual, and discussed based on research done by Kass et al, and Oriola, and will be concluded by presenting possible solutions.

In order to address this health issue, more proactive, evidenced-based, and community supported policies and initiatives are necessary. The more people and organizations that work together, the more potential for success.

Within the United States health disparities exist regarding HIV infection, with ethnic minorities and men who have sex with men (MSM) disproportionally affected by the virus, relative to the entire population of the States. While no cure (nor a vaccine) exist for the virus, HIV prevention measures are available that can reduce the risk of most people of contracting the virus, especially useful for those individuals described above that are disproportionally affected. "There have been exciting recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last several years" (article citation). Prevention methods include condoms, which have been available for many years, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Some other recommendations that should be looked into were concerning the program duration. Interventions that are longer with varied formats that address multiple content areas would be most effective for the participants. Informing persons with HIV about the availability of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV-uninfected partners when indicated to reduce their risk of getting HIV could be another recommendation. The

Subsequently, an independent review of the MP concluded the program both cost-effective and a program that led to the aversion of “an estimated 2.0 to 2.3 HIV infections in the first year (according to the epidemic scenario), 5.0 to 6.2 over 5 years, and 9.2 to 13.1 over 20 years” (Kahn, Kegeles, Hays, & Beltzer, 2001, p. 1). Aversion is particularly important when considering "at least one teenager or young adult in this country is infected with HIV every hour of every day" (amfAR, 5015, para. 1). Hence, the significance of early intervention. Presently, the MP is running in upwards of 55 communities throughout the U.S. with a trial program underway in Beirut (Lebanese AIDS, S, Arab Foundation for Freedom, University of California, S. F.,