Sexual Harassment And Sexual Assault

Sexual assault is defined as any vaginal, oral, or anal penetration that is forced upon another, regardless of sex and sexual orientation, using any object or body part. The issue of sexual assault in America is primarily encouraged by rape culture. Women Against Violence Against Women is an organization that defines rape culture as a complex set of beliefs that encourage male sexual aggression and supports violence against women. The acceptance of rape culture, rape myths, and the disregard for sexual consent also allow for the perpetuation of sexual assault against women on college campuses. Recent examples of sexual assault on college campuses show how prominent this issue has become and how hostile campuses have become for female students. Some examples include the University of Southern California’s “Gullet Report,” Miami University of Ohio’s “Top Ten Ways to Get Away with Rape,” and a sexual assault on the campus of Kansas University. Sexual assault is perpetuated by the acceptance of rape myths and rape culture, lack of effective sexual education, and the disregard for consent. The solution to this issue lies with defeating rape culture, increasing awareness and funding for campus sexual assault crisis centers, and enacting more prevention programs on campus.

Many college women claim their experiences after being sexually assaulted — often in date rape situations — illustrate a culture of indifference and denial that results in one in five young women being assaulted during their college years. Additionally, victims describe that unclear and conflicted internal disciplinary systems at their respective universities can compound their suffering. In short, sexual assault on college campuses reflects and reinforces gender inequality.

Sexual harassing behavior includes requests for sexual favors, physical sexual involvement and unwelcome sexual advances which affect the productivity of the work. The numbers of sexually harassed women in the workplace is staggering. Most women who experience sexual harassment in the workplace, who are afraid of speaking out. They also feel ashamed of telling anybody and fear of losing their jobs if the same deed is bring into the notice of higher authority.

Sexual harassment is one of the most common problems in the workplace. Moreover, many women have experienced sexual harassment during their career. However, sexual harassment has two main categories: quid pro quo and hostile environment. Furthermore, the quid pro quo is when some sexual is activity is required to maintain a job (Starling, 2011). The second is hostile environment is when sexual offenses are so bad that it is hard to work (Starling,

        The phrase “sexual harassment” became highly publicized in 1975 as activists and writers began addressing the problem. Shortly after 1980, articles and publications in regards to sexual harassment spread rampantly as the result of congressional hearings, increased litigation, and the adoption of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines. Harassment in the workplace is an increasing problem, which many employees do not know how to deal with.

Results from the case study information indicate that the Sexual Harassment Prevention Training program “achieved the goal of increasing the likelihood that attendees would contact a manager and/or human resources if sexually harassed. The training program also achieved the goal of decreasing the likelihood that trainees would ignore sexually harassing behavior” (Moskowitz, 2008).

In this research paper I would fully discuss what sexual harassment. I will start on the origin of sexual harassment and how it came into law. I will discuss what environment of sexual harassment looks like in the work place. The reader should be able to discover the different types of sexual harassment: Quid pro quo and Indirect. I will show you illustrated trends of sexual harassment in the work place over the years. I will discuss how sexual harassment affect both parties, meaning the employer and the employee. I will back up theses affects by laws that are set in place to protect the employee and hold the employer responsible. I will give an analysis on recent litigation involving sexual harassment in the workplace. In my conclusion I will give a recommendation on how to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace and what management can to protect their employees.

The behavior of sexual harassment occurring in general and specifically in a school environment is not a new problem. In the 2002 survey from the American Association of University, Women (AAUW), eighty-five percent of students surveyed they were harassed (Bates 8). While in the 2010-2011 school year of 7-12 graders survey from the AAUW, forty-eight percent of students surveyed they experienced some form of sexual harassment (AAUW 11). Shockingly, this shows sexual harassment is still happening at a high rate, and the effects of it are unnecessary because it can be prevented. Since sexual harassment is still arising, students are continuing to be affected. Some examples are, sexual harassment has affected students from benefiting from

In her study, Patricia presented how the interplay of two levels of campus context promotes sexual assault on campus. Firstly, she defines an external environment consisting of the academic institution as a definite form of political, social, and economic context. Secondly, she describes an internal environment including affluent fraternities and athletic groups.(2015) In these groups, practices of aggression and sexual exploitation of women are rewarded and embedded as a part of organizational cultures. Together these frameworks provide men with a collective privilege to exploit women on campus without any serious consequence.

We have this “socially accepted” thought that only women are sexualized and thought of as objects, while men are the ones that are sexualizing the opposite sex. Accusations from a man aren’t taken as seriously as an accusation from a woman. This is where gender inequality comes into play. The most commonly known, or stereotypical, description of a male consists of being: masculine, aggressive, dominant, and arrogant. When into sexual harassment is the situation, the man will always be the one at fault. Many people believe that when a woman grabs a man’s biceps, chest, or stomach or talk about how sexually attractive his body is, it should be thought of as a compliment. 5% of sexual harassment cases for males come from female to male while 11% come from male to male. Male to male sexual harassment cases are caused by groping and homophobic

Next, sexual assault is becoming a major problem in today’s teenage society. It is something any woman would be afraid of. This is a sad reality, but it is taking place in colleges. For example, the president of Dartmouth College lists sexual assaults on campus, disregard for human dignity, racist, and sexual undertones at parties, and

The sexual harassment epidemic in the workplace in America is escalating quickly, but what exactly is sexual harassment? Sexual harassment is defined as “unwanted sex-related behavior at work that is appraised by the recipient as offensive, exceeding her resources, or threatening her well-being” (Barling). However, there is a difference between sexual harassment in the workplace and workplace romance. Workplace romance is a risky game to play in the workplace environment. Often in cases of sexual harassment, workplace romances have taken a turn in the wrong direction and turn into more aggressive relationships. Sexual harassment does not only happen to women but also to men. However, sexual harassment cases occur more with women as the victim than men being

An ongoing problem that has become normalized within college institutions is sexual assault/rape. Colleges are afraid to ruin their reputation with the ugly truth of high statistics of rape, frats and sororities lead to over drinking, and also people not taking a stand and remaining a bystander. Many colleges and students have proposed possible solutions in order to eliminate this injustice like creating groups that educate the importance of consent, protests, and the elimination of alcohol on campuses. Sexual assault is continuing to happen because of the lack of action from adults because they blame the victim instead of the perpetrator for what happened and they also ignore the fact that that person was sexually assaulted.

Sexual harassment in the workplace is among the most offensive and demeaning situations an employee can be subjected to. A recent study concluded that at least 40% of women in the workforce have at one time been the object of sexual advances, propositions, or unwanted sexual discussions from men who supervise them or could otherwise affect their career. (Englander, J. P., 1992) Seven out of eight sexual harassment claims that are filed with the Equal Employment

Sexual harassment in organisations is a critical issue as it has many negative implications for employees and organisations across multiple domains. Empirical research suggests that sexual harassment has a wide range of impacts on productivity, organisation’s competitiveness, job satisfaction, high absenteeism and staff turnover (Birinxhikaj & Guggisber, 2017; Willness, Steel & Lee, 2007). This essay provides an insight to sexual harassment in organisations, especially for women. It will also explain the causes and effects of sexual harassment. Furthermore, it explores the benefits and risk of logical interventions to reduce sexual harassment and conclude with one preferred intervention.