Sexual Violence, And Stranger Violence

This theory believes that an individual will choose criminal behavior by “free will” after weighing out the rewards and benefits verses the consequences or punishment for their behavior (Gosselin, 2005). In essence, the abuser will choose domestic violence as a means to the end since they feel control and domination is necessary in order to coexist within personal relationships. On the other hand, if the offender believes the risks outweigh the ability achieve personal gain, control, or satisfaction, he or she may choose not to commit the abuse (Schacter, et al., 2009). I believe this theory explains the restraint an abuser displays when they carefully select the type of abuse administered to their victims and the length of time they choose to enact the abuse. Most abusers will not openly abuse their victims in front of others in order to deter detection. Detection is not an option for most abusers, since they are familiar with the consequences of their actions.

The purpose of finding the appropriate definition of domestic violence is to clearly distinguish domestic violence from physical violence in general. Due to its nature, cases of domestic violence require specific treatment and perspective as it can be identified in many concealed forms and would not leave behind physical wounds. Therefore to know the types and forms of violence the victims have to face is crucial to develop a legal response.

After searching the homes of O.J. Simpson and Nicole Simpson we came up with much evidence to use in prosecuting O.J. Simpson. First off, the previous history of violence in the Simpson home was considered evidence. On October 25th, 1993, Nicole called 9-1-1 asking for someone to be sent to her home, because O.J. had broken in and was violently yelling at her and banging on her bedroom door. But this was not the first case of domestic violence in their home. On January 1st, 1989, police were called to Simpson’s Rockingham address where Nicole was claiming that O.J. was saying to Nicole

In this book, Dunn approaches the cold hard facts to intimate stalking, and the effect it has on its’ victims. Using first hand interviews and prior research, the book introduces all the different stages of stalking, as well as the different effects that these stages have on victims. The book also explores the relationship between the criminal justice system and the victims as well. Dunn highlights the idea of “secondary victimization” explaining that many of these women struggle with the justice system because they are not being taken seriously, which gives them more feelings of victimization because of our justice system. The cases of victimization are very difficult to prosecute because of the lack of evidence, and reliance on hearsay of the victim, which is difficult because some people use this law to frame their ex-significant others in order to get back at them. The different stages of stalking and different reactions of victims are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Orenthal James “O.J” Simpson was an African-American male suspect in the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. They were both found stabbed to death outside Nicole’s condominium in the Brentwood area in Los Angeles. After failing to turn himself in on June 17, he became a victim of a low-speed pursuit in a white Ford Bronco SUV. He was then arrested and sent to trial on October 3, 1995, were the jury’s verdict was “not guilty” for the two murders.

An individual may stay in a violent relationship for a variety of factors, making it difficult to remain safe. For example, love, fear, pride, loyalty, embarrassment, children, lack of knowledge about options, low self-esteem, or a combination of these factors. Thus, safety is the first priority for any victim of domestic violence (California Attorney General's Office, 2002). As such, a critical first step for Dr. Breyker is to identify, validate, and address the heightened dangers Anita could face. Effectively blocking Ab’s ability to continue his control over Anita should also be uppermost in determining the referrals Dr. Breyker will give to Anita. Naturally, referrals to law enforcement are primary. But the individual circumstances of Anita’s

]Deputy district attorney Keith Watanabe started his presentation describing domestic violence from his perspective. He began by giving the example of a case of jealousy and the knife attack by the 40-year-old virgin actor Shelley Malil. Shelley Malil believed his girlfriend was cheating on him so in retaliation he stabbed her 23 times. The importance of this case was the brutality that it inhabited and the recent news that the actor was up for parole but struck down by governor Jerry Brown. After the example of a high-profile case he prosecuted, he gave some definitions of what domestic violence involves and the frustration of recanting victims. He described that victims out of multiple reasons involving the close relationship that they have

Academically, Domestic violence is “the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional or psychological abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence varies dramatically.” However, in Washington State Domestic Violence includes a more limited definition. In Washington State Domestic Violence is defined as (a) Physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury or assault, between family or household members; (b) sexual assault of one family or household member by another; or (c) stalking as defined in RCW 9A.46.110 of one family or household member by another family or household member. This statutory definition is similar to that of many states in that it omits the “systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against the other” otherwise known as “coercive control.” The omission of this provision in the statutory language creates difficulty in obtaining domestic violence protection orders, when the victim cannot describe instances of physical violence, stalking, or sexual assault, yet lives in very real fear of their partner. In this literature review, I will analyze the phenomenon that is now known as

“Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

Domestic violence has become a very controversial crime in the United States. Although domestic violence has been around for many years, society now sees it as a threat to our homes. This type of crime is unique because it’s a nondiscriminatory crime; it can happen to anyone at any time. Domestic violence is also a dark figure crime, which means that it is a crime least reported to the police. In this paper, I discuss how race, class and gender influence domestic violence. I begin with briefly discussing the different types of abuse within domestic violence and the two types of restraining orders that

Covered in this training material will be three scenarios. Information will be provided regarding stalking, domestic violence (today is known as intimate violence) and stranger violence. Stalking is often a prelude to violence in which this paper will also discuss.

It is most common in Louisiana because it’s the most disruptive state of violence. Among female victims of contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner, an estimated 71.1% first experienced these or other forms of intimate partner violence before age 25 years, with an estimated 23.2% having first experienced this before age 18 years. (Matthew J. Breiding) Among male victims of contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner, an estimated 58.2% first experienced these or other forms of intimate partner violence before age 25 years, with an estimated 14.1% having first experienced this before age 18 years. (Matthew J. Breiding) The results presented in this report indicate that a significant number and proportion of female and male U.S. adults have experienced sexual violence, stalking, or intimate partner violence during their lifetimes or in the 12 months preceding the 2011 survey. Because of the broad range of short- and long-term consequences associated with these forms of violence, the public health burden of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence is substantial. Despite frequent depictions in the media of sexual violence and stalking perpetrated by strangers (15,16), strangers were reported as the perpetrator by less than one-fourth of stalking victims and by less than one-fourth of victims of each form of sexual violence except noncontact unwanted sexual experience mentions Breiding

he intersection of religious belief, politics and law needs to take anti-violence stance. Along with alteration in the formal rules, what is required is the open discussions to define sexual coercion and violence within a marriage. In addition, need is to reform to the justice system while addressing the fundamental structural inequalities that promote the environment of oppression. Legal rules and practices that favour perpetrators rather than the survivors need to be questioned. This oppressive system has to be replaced by the structure that promotes women’s equality, sexual autonomy, self determination, dignity and physical integrity. While amendments to criminal laws is a significant symbolic recognition to women’s equality and right to

Domestic violence is a prevalent issue that has enormous consequences for both the victimized individuals and their families. There are many injuries, deaths, rapes, and separation of families, and other fatalities which can all be interconnected to domestic violence. Which raises the question who are the perpetrators? why are they violent? Were they also abused? The answers to these questions may shed some insight on what goes on inside the mind of an abusive and violent individual.

According to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), in 2003 to 2012, domestic violence accounted for almost a quarter of all violent crimes committed. According to the same survey conducted, only 55% of those domestic violence crimes were reported to the police. Based on a study that was conducted on past domestic violence crimes, there was a decline of domestic violence from 1994-2003 but in recent years, depending on the type of intimate partner violence, each either had a small increase or stayed the same (Truman, 2014).