Shadow Banking System

The Great Recession began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 making it the which longest recession ever since World War II. During the Great Recession the real gross domestic product (GDP) fell 4.3 percent from the peak which was in the fourth quarter of 2007Q4. The unemployment rate rose to 9.5 percent from 5 percent and then rose more to 10 percent in October of 2009.Real estate prices such as house prices fell 30 percent while the net worth

One of the factors that led to the mortgage crisis was the housing bubble. It started in 2001 and climaxed in 2005. A housing bubble is characterized by rapid increase in the value of real estate properties to an extent that

The financial crisis emerged because of an excessive deregulation of business operation of financial institutions and of abusing the securitization mechanism in the absence of clearly defined rules to regulate this area in the American mortgage market (Krstić, Jemović, & Radojičić, 2013). Deregulation gives larger banks the opportunity to loosen underwriting lender guidelines and generate increase opportunity for homeownership (Kroszner & Strahan, 2013). After deregulation, banks utilized many versions of mortgage loans. Mortgage loans such as subprime and Alternative-A paper loans became available for borrowers challenged to find mortgage lenders before deregulation (Elbarouki, 2016; Palmer, 2015). The housing market has been severely affected by fluctuating interest rates and the requirement of large down payment (Follain, & Giertz, 2013). The subprime lending crisis has taken a toll on the nation’s economy since 2007. Individuals who lacked sufficient credit ratings or down payments resorted to subprime mortgages to finance their homes Defaults on subprime and other mortgages precipitated the foreclosure crisis, which contributed to the recent recession and national financial crisis (Odetunde, 2015). Subprime mortgages were appropriate for borrowers with substandard credit and Alternate-A paper loans were

The housing bubble went into full effect by December of 2007, and is seen to be the leading cause of the Great Recession. With the lowering of interest by mortgage associations, lead to those who had poor credit to obtain a mortgage. Those

Similarly, the Great Recession was due to consumer spending cutbacks and a drop in demand for the establishment of new housing. In the two decades previous to 2008, the American growth rate was very high. Their household needs also became very high, which made demand increase. Spending was at a high. However personal income was decreased. The consumers then had to borrow money from the banks. This gave the consumers debt. So, when the house prices rose, banks stopped loaning money to people and the people decreased their spending. This happened because the people were not able to pay the banks back. People also cut back on buying or making new houses, so household demand dropped. Many say that this decrease caused the Great Recession. Housing was one of the main subjects that many believe, caused the Great Recession. “Subprime” mortgage availability and low interest

The “Great Recession of 2008" hit The United States and the rest of the world with a force not seen since the Great Depression less than a century ago. December of 2007 saw an unemployment rate of 5.7% as the economy was rolling forward on the back of the high-profiled housing market funded by aggressive loans to consumers with sub-par credit. (National Bureau of Economic Research) This created a proverbial “House of Cards” that fell apart that same month and over the course of two years; the unemployment rate would nearly double as The United States would lose over 8 million jobs according the National Bureau of Economics. The cause of The Great Recession can’t simply be quantified to just one person, agency or company. However, in the broad

This paper is about how did “Shadow Banking” precipitate the financial Crises. Then discusses the impacts of the crisis on the major financial institutions.

A variety of things led up to the great recession of 2008, from a period of moderation, to a housing bubble, to a housing bubble bust. the government hasn't witnessed an economic downturn like this since the great depression. here are the main reasons why this recession happened. It all started with the moderation showed in the economy between 2000 to 2007. there was low inflation, strong economic growth, and falling unemployment. however, through all this, there was growing instability in terms of credit and financial markets. The next cause of the great recession was a housing bubble. Prices in housing quickly grew to really high prices, this was due to the high confidence and bank lending. Banks later started becoming more careless with

Firstly, we learned that the most significant cause of the Great Recession was the collapse of an unstable housing market. “The Great Recession began with the bursting of an 8 trillion dollar housing bubble. The resulting loss of wealth led to sharp cutbacks in consumer spending. This…

Many economists and even the Bureau of Economic Analysis had predicted the recession. The confusion aspect of it was generally when the GDP lowers, one would assume a recession has/will begin. In May 2008, the GDP was reported to be positive for the last two quarters. The problem was inflation as not being taken in account.

The Recession of 2008 was caused by two major faults: the use of subprime lending and changes in banking culture leaning towards self interest within the banking industry.

The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events that led to the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage defaults and foreclosures. This paper seeks to explain the causes of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and how this has led to a generalized credit crisis in other financial sectors that ultimately affects the real economy. In recent decades, financial industry has developed quickly and various financial innovation techniques have been abused widely, which is the main cause of this international financial crisis. In addition, deregulation, loose monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, shadow banking system also play

The shadow banks responded to this by trying to issue new securities and force selling the underlying collateral. However due to the aforementioned slump in mortgages and real estate prices, this response failed and the value of these repurchase agreements continued to decline whilst the haircuts continued to increase. Due to this, lenders refused to offer short-term loans whilst haircuts grew to new highs. This meant that repo lending drastically decreased and lead to the collapse of the shadow banking system. To highlight the extremity of the above scenario, Figure 2 shows the drop in the US repo market before and after the 2008 recession [Financial Times (2013)]

Housing prices in the United States rose steadily after the World War II. Although some research indicated that the financial crisis started in the US housing market, the main cause of the financial crisis between 2007 and 2009 was actually the combination of housing bubble and credit boom. The banks created so much loan that pushed the housing price to the peak. As the bank lend out a huge amount of money, the level of individual debt also rose along with the housing price. Since the debt rose faster than people’s income, people were unable to repay their loan and bank found themselves were in danger. As this showed a signal for people, people withdrew money from the banks they considered as “safe” before, and increased the “haircuts” on repos and difficulties experienced by commercial paper issuers. This caused the short term funding market in the shadow banking system appeared a

Entrusted loans are a phenomena, which appear in a limited number of countries, which raises the question why those certain countries are susceptible to that type of shadow banking. Since I am working with a dataset consisting of several countries, it makes it possible to look into that question.