Shallow Groundwater Depth Under Saline Irrigation Conditions Essay

Clearing and replacing the deep rooted native trees is an issue as plants absorb water as it is soaked through the soil. Plant roots remove the excess soil water, causing the groundwater to stay under the salt level, which is then recycled back into the atmosphere through the plants leaves . Thus the deeper the plants roots are the more the plant is able to soak the excess water up from the soil. When the deep rooted vegetation is replaced with shallow rooted plants the excess water cannot be absorbed causing the excess water/groundwater level to rise which sequentially pushes the salt up through the soil causing the water to become more saline.

Saline environments tend to hinder agricultural production by lowering crop yields, often quite substantially. The traditional response to the threat of salinity-induced crop yield reductions is to apply water in excess of plant requirements so as to leach the salts out of the root zone. (Letey and Dinar, 1986).

The Effect of Salt on Radish Seed Growth along the Nelson River in Ensi county, Indiana.

The aim of this experiment is to investigate how the effects of salts will have on Bean plants. If salt infected water is added to the bean plants, then the effects of osmosis and photosynthesis will be distributed in the plants, causing them to stop developing and eventually start leading to death. The outcome of this experiment will be determined through the amount of saline concentrations that will be added throughout to the plants and how all can be linked back to the real world problems in dryland salinity.

Would you like to wait five months to take a shower? I didn’t think so. That is what happened to Angelica Gallegos. That is what would happen if we would run out of water and probably much, much more. I think that the state should regulate groundwater. I think that should regulate groundwater because if we don’t we won’t be able to take showers or use the restroom.

One type of irrigation, drip irrigation, is a method which plants reach water supply. Drip irrigation is the most widely used method of irrigation in Napa Valley. By directly applying water to either the root zone or to the surrounding soil, this method significantly reduces the amount of water used. In addition, growers are able to control the exact amount of water applied to each vine, reduce evaporation, and minimize surface runoff. Although the water goes around root system, it does not go far and as a result, there is an accumulation of salts. Furthermore, most of the water in California comes from mountains which has salt in them and once that area is flushed, the farmer can also flush the soil. If flushing does not occur, then saline and sodic conditions can possibly

An arid zone is a region where there is a severe lack of available water. The plant must require very little water or have the ability to store water, for this type of climate zone can receive up to 25.4 centimeters of rainwater per year (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). In more extreme cases, an arid zone can receive as little as 0.1016 centimeters of rainwater in a single year (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). In the daytime, it can be blazing hot and reach temperatures up to 54°C (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). However, in the nighttime, temperatures can be as low as -30°C (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). The temperature of the zone is relative to its position from Earth’s equator. The soil nutrients in an arid zone are high in salt, low

As the morning light seeks to fill all darkness my eyes are pried open with the intensity of a crowbar striking concrete. As I roll over only to find myself falling over what seems to be the Niagra Falls hitting the ground with a loud thud. As the first breath is taken in I sense the all too familiar salt and sea water mist. While the call of nature falls upon me forcing a quick dash and a desperate attempt to reach a side of the boat in time, for out of the corner of my eye I see my Uncle standing at the helm smirking, but at last I became aware of the reason for the smirk, nor have I forgotten the importance of that windward leeward

The western part of the country has exhibited the criteria that has warranted water relocation efforts. For a time, the water diversion efforts worked to serve the communities around it appropriately. However, as the withdrawal of water has exceeded the supply and as climate change has contributed to decreasing water supply, there are serious threats to the future of available water in the western United States. One proposed solution involves diverting water from the Great Lakes in Michigan to the southwest. The location of the Great Lakes, positioned between the United States and Canada, leads to international considerations and a controversial problems regarding international law. The lakes serve as a water source to both the Americans

Groundwater samples were collected and reported by Sultan et al. (2011) from Sinai for isotopic analyses of H and O from open and productive wells tapping three types of aquifers: (1) fractured basement, (2) Nubian Sandstone unconfined aquifer cropping out at the foothills of the basement outcrops, and (3) alluvial. They believed that the unconfined and alluvial aquifers fed by a fractured basement aquifer through discharging into the overlying sediments. The δD and δ18O isotopic compositions of the groundwater samples from the unconfined Nubian Sandstone aquifers in the recharge areas cropping out at the foothills of the basement outcrops are somewhat depleted (δD: -22.7 to -32.8‰; δ18O: -4.47 to -5.22‰) compared to those from fractured basement outcrops (δD: -19.9 to -23.2‰; δ18O: -3.77 to -5.05‰) and those from alluvial aquifers (δD: -22.7 to -23.4‰; δ18O: -4.53 to -5.01‰), but they are less depleted than those reported from the Gulf of Suez (Sturchio et al., 1996). The isotopic compositions of the samples from the fractured basement and alluvial aquifers are similar to those of average modern precipitation from Al Arish and Rafah (Fig. 3). The unconfined aquifer shows a mixing between fossil waters of the Western Desert, formed in pluvial period, and modern precipitation deposited in dry and warm climatic conditions (Sultan et al., 1997, 2011).

Plants in natural environments are being exposed to increasing amounts of salinity. One-third of the land being irrigated worldwide is affected by salinity, but salinity also occurs in non-irrigated land (Allen et al., 1994). There are large areas of primary salinity, but secondary salinity can be detected within one hundred years of settlement on an area of land. Drought and salinity are connected because in many regions, raising plants requires irrigation. The irrigation water contains calcium, magnesium, and sodium (Serrano et al., 1999). As the water evaporates and transpires, calcium and magnesium

The problem of water shortage is one of the major limiting factors in food production and agriculture development in the arid and semi arid regions. Reclaimed water is one of the most significant available water resources that shall be consumed in agriculture and urban landscape maintenance. In order to investigate the impact of water quality and its application method on olive trees this experiment was carried out during 2010-2012 in the semiarid central part of Iran on young olive trees. The trees were irrigated by a new subsurface-leaky irrigation (SLI) system and surface irrigation in line with irrigation with recycle and clean water for 24 months. The results revealed that SLI system could enhance trees growth, leaf area, Fv/Fm and

Estimation the current rate of groundwater recharge [1] is essential for efficient groundwater resource management in arid and semi-arid zones, and is often the key to economic development. Moreover, it represents an essential component in the understanding of hydrogeologic settings for the aquifers. Many studies have been proposed to assess recharge with physical and chemical techniques, as well as with modeling [2-5]. These methods, however, are difficult to apply to regional scale studies, and may have a low confidence of model parameters when estimating recharge at a regional scale.

Study area is geographically located between 32° 32´ 38 ' ' - 33° 21´ 09 ' ' E and 30° 51´ 38 ' ' - 31° 14´ 39 ' ' N, in the northwestern of Egypt. The northern Sinai coast is located within the rainy belt of Egypt; while the aridity increases generally to the south (El-Ghazawi, 1989). Rainfall is scarce and varies from place to place and increases in the northeastern direction, ranging from about 30 mm/year in the southwest at Ismailia to about 300 mm/year in the northeast at Rafah. The annual rainfall in northwest Sinai varies between 36 to 54.8 mm/year and the total quantity of rainfall generally increases northward (El-Sheikh, 2008). The area is considered one of the horizontal expansions in the Sinai Peninsula which aims at establishing a link between Nile Delta and North Sinai by El Salam Canal. The ongoing project aims at reclamation of 400.000 feddans (Hafez, 2005 and Mohamed, 2013). Groundwater is the one available source of water in the study area beside support of El-Salam canal, so the assessment of agricultural potentiality in the Northern Sinai area requires water resources evaluation.

Altitude of the Arsi Zone ranges from 862 to 4,098 m a.s.l. and the area is characterized by erratic and poor distribution of rainfall over the year. The Zone faces frequent drought, crop failure, and lack of permanent sources of water, which brings low crops yield and sometime it completely fails due to shortage of water during the flowering or maturation stage. Hence, there is a need additional water supply for dry season drought mitigation by improving water supply options.