Sharia's Case

According to an article in the CPA Journal, the accounting profession has long contended that an audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) provides reasonable assurance that there are no material misstatements contained within financial statements. Suggest at least two (2) alternative methods that auditors can use to provide a more concrete level of assurance to investors. Provide support for your responses with examples of such methods in use.

Legitimacy in accounting practices is ensured by the check and balance of having independent auditors from registered public accountant firms reviewing financial practices. The report features eleven sections and these sections pertain to accounting overview, independence of auditors to reduce interest conflicts, corporate responsibility, financial disclosures, tax returns, criminal fraud and various elements of white collar criminal activity (107th Congress

When talking about accounting, the first thing we should know is the history of its development. Traditionally, the development is from inductive to deductive. Inductive theory assume what is done by the majority is the most appropriate practice. However, It did not seek to evaluate the logic or merit of

For the accountants and auditors, integrity is the primary characteristic and constitutional element to accomplish the profession. It allows users such as investors to trust the financial information they receive about the combines that they have the desire to invest in. To ensure everyone follows the same rules, the accounting statements and financial reports must be accurate, relevant, and understandable. Which it did not happen in Wells Fargo case because most of the financial reports were inaccurate. Even thought, the Motivator which is the monthly report were arranged to achieve the

Ruth Hines’ paper discussing how we construct reality is very interesting and leads one to wonder whether accountants have too much power. Accounting classes teach concepts of realization and organizations as if it has always been that way. It is hard to think of why accountants do things the way they do, because it is just the way it is supposed to be done. Accountants are considered to be the professionals that everyday stakeholders trust to provide reliable information. As Hines said, “Everything would be a mess without us.” Naturally, everyone assumes accountants always know how to handle an issue; it is safe to say most people assume they do not have issues in the first place. But, of course, there are always issues that need to be handled.

The government and accounting professionals have been focusing on accounting policy and procedures since the Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco financial scandals occurred. These financial scandals occurred by company executives and public accounting companies who failed to disclose and account for the known fraud (Casabona & Grego, 2003, p. 16). Due to these financial accounting scandals the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the AICPA established Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), in addition to the requirements made by SOX and the PCAOB, to hold companies and auditors accountable for financial statement reporting (p. 16).

1. Accounting is a system that collects and processes financial information about an organization and reports that information to decision makers.

ABSTRACT The theorising in accounting prior to 1970 was rejected as not providing sufficiently general theories. Informed by theories in economics and finance (and other disciplines such as psychology) and with the aid of computers, attempts to theorise accounting took a new direction. Large data collection and analysis emphasized a purportedly more systematic empirical approach to developing theory. Key words: accounting; neo-empiricism;

There is dominant need to investigate the theories related to accounting in reality. A theory according to Banerjee (2010), is a validated proposition which has been tested for its conformity with reality. Consequently, it can be considered that; theory is a system which includes both variables and concepts. Where for relationship among concepts, proposition are used and for relationship among variables hypothesis are developed (Bacharach, 1989).

Almost 80% of respondents were non-Muslims. Therefore these research reports are mostly non-Muslim customer’s opinion on corporate banking Muslim. This study proves that Muslim banking products are not so popular among corporate customers in Malaysia and only a few maintain banking relationships under the Islamic banking system. In addition, nearly 65% of respondents indicated that their knowledge of Islamic banking system is very limited. This study shows that there is a misunderstanding among respondents regarding the objectives of Islamic banking. While 38.1% of respondents were uncertain about the nature of profit sharing system in Islamic banking, 50% believe that this principle is the only principle adopted by Islamic banks as a replacement Riba. Respondents were not familiar with other principles such as Musharakah, Ijarah, Wakala, and Istisna'a. Overall, the conclusions of the study are that there is a general knowledge that inadequate corporate banking products and services to Islam among

Global Islamic banking continues to be an exciting growth story characterized by robust macro outlook of core Islamic

Islamic banking is the banking system which runs in accordance with the Islamic laws and the Shariah board that guides the institutions. Apart from that, Islamic banking is an interest free banking, which there is no fixed rate of return. The Shariah board authorizes the production that whether these are Shariah compliant or not.

Islamic banking is a controlled institution based on the principles of sharia Islamic rules on transactions made. This means that the Islamic banking system does not accept or allow payment of benefits based

It has been become an issue of great concern that the accounting profession must find a common theory in order to address and put the issue at rest. This therefore, has called for the study of this topic under review “the demand for and supply of accounting theories: the market for excuses. As a result of this several questions have been raised. For instance, the question of why accounting theories are predominantly normative has been put forward by this article? Secondly, why no single theory in accounting profession that is generally or widely accepted? It has been argued that the financial accounting theories have been found to be ineffective most especially in the area of impacting accounting practice and policy, though, this has been

The definition of accounting theory according to Coetsee (2010) is described in two different ways. The first philosophy concludes that accounting theory is a set of general principles that guide the evolution of accounting practice. The other philosophy describes accounting theory as activity of explaining and predicting accounting practice. What the viewer can see from the statement of the first philosophy is that the accounting theory exists before accounting practices meanwhile the latter states that the accounting practice exists before the theory. Since there are many arguments about this matter, many academic researchers have concluded that accounting theory can be divided into two categories which are positive and normative theory.