Sharie Johnson
Deindustrialization in Ohio
Deindustrialization is a major factor that has affected the United States after the second world war. Impacts of this can particularly be seen in Ohio. During World War II, Ohio experienced significant industrial development and population growth. The state’s diversified industrial base and geographical proximity to transportation routes and other population centers which made it well suited for wartime production needs. The industrial development and consequential economic prosperity generated during World War II shaped Ohio’s economic, cultural, and social history for decades thereafter.
The United States resisted involvement in World War II from 1939 through much of 1941. The cash and carry”
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In 1941, Congress increased aid to Great Britain and the Allied powers with the “lend-lease” policy permitting the loan of war materiel. Isolationists, including Ohio’s Senator Taft, opposed this move. Approximately 839,000 Ohioans, 12 percent of the state’s 1940 population, served in the armed forces for the duration of the war. Of these men and women, 23,000 died or were missing in action in the home front, Ohioans joined in scrap drives, grew victory gardens, obeyed rationing and blackout regulations, and served in civil defense programs.
Amid the Depression, a great many American specialists lost their employments. In Ohio by 1933, over 40% of assembly line laborers and 67% of development specialists were unemployed. In 1932, Ohio 's unemployment rate for all occupants achieved 37.3%. Mechanical specialists who held their occupations generally confronted lessened hours and wages. These individuals had a troublesome time supporting their families. A large portion of Ohio 's city specialists moved to the field, where they could develop enough nourishment to encourage their families.
World War II formally finished the Great Depression in the United States, as a huge number of unemployed men and ladies come back to work to deliver things for the war exertion. Ohioans assumed a basic part in helping the United States acquire triumph in World War II. Around 839,000 Ohioans, about
Two years earlier, America’s military preparedness was not that of a nation expecting to go to war. In 1939, the United States Army ranked thirty-ninth in the world, possessing a cavalry force of fifty thousand and using horses to pull the artillery. Many Americans — still trying to recover from the decade-long ordeal of the Great Depression — were reluctant to participate in the conflict that was spreading throughout Europe and Asia. President Roosevelt did what he could to coax a reluctant nation to focus its economic might on military preparedness. If the American military wasn’t yet equal to the Germans or the Japanese, American workers could build ships and planes faster than the enemy could sink them or shoot them
In The American Journey, David Goldfield et al. state that “Americans in the 1930s wanted no part of another overseas war by a wide margin.” Americans were still recovering for the ramifications of World War I and feared our intervention in any foreign conflict. In the fall of 1941, their reluctance was still abounding even though Germany achieved many victories abroad, the British were toiling to save their empire and Japan’s monumental aggression towards China escalated. In fact, Goldfield et al. noted that, “President Roosevelt’s challenge was to lead the United States toward rearmament and support for Great Britain and China without alarming the public.” Unfortunately, the aftermaths of World War I had set the tone for World War II since many small new nations in Europe felt the upper hand of Germany, Japan, Italy and the Soviet Union. Furthermore, the United States was not highly regarded by these nations, especially Japan, whose nationalists felt that they were unjustly treated after World War I. As much as the United States was trying to remain neutral and President Roosevelt wanted Americans to stay out of World War I, the inevitable came to fruition when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Goldfield et al. indicated that, “Speaking to Congress the following day, Roosevelt proclaimed December 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy.” He asked for and got a declaration of war against Japan. Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States
The 1930s were a difficult time for most Americans. Faced with colossal economic hardships—unprecedented in American history—many Americans turned inward to focus on the worsening situation at home. The United States became increasingly insensitive to the obliteration of fellow democracies at the hands of brutal fascist leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. The U.S. was determined to stay out of war at all costs—even if its allies were in trouble; Americans believed that they were immune from Europe’s problems as long as they refused to get involved. However, as the “free” countries fell, one by one, to the Nazi war machine, Americans began to realize the folly of their foolish optimism and clamored for increasing involvement in foreign
Explain the reasons for U.S. neutrality during the 1920s and 1930s. How did ideas about neutrality change during the period from the end of World War I to the passage of the Lend-Lease Act? Be sure to include any events, terms, or people that may support your response. – The purposes behind the US neutrality in the 1920s and the 1930s was on account of the US had dependably been an Isolationist nation, which means they endeavored to avoid remote issues. In the late 1920s and mid-1930s, a few books and articles guaranteed that arms makers had driven the United States into World War I for benefit. In 1934, the Senate made a council headed by Senator George Nye to research these cases. Nye proclaimed, "when the Senate examination is finished, we might see that war and readiness for war doesn't involve national respect and national barrier, however a matter of benefit for the few." The Nye Committee's examination did not turn up any proof of a genuine scheme.
“Yesterday, December 7th, 1941’” began President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the day following Japan’s fateful attack on Pearl Harbor, resulting in the in the tragic loss of nearly two and a half thousand American lives. A date so famously proclaimed to ‘forever live in infamy,’ and so it has. This inspiring speech to Congress and the American people employed appeals and other techniques in it’s mission to touch America’s heart, both with sympathy and indignation. President Roosevelt’s use of rhetoric is extremely effective in rallying the American people to the cause of entering a war so many were reluctant to support.
In the 1800s, the first Steel Mills were built in Youngstown, Ohio and it’s economy flourished their Steel Mills produced the majority of steel used in World War I, their economy picked up once again during World War II. This created many jobs. On September 19, 1977, “Black Friday,” was started. It was the beginning of the end for Youngstown, Ohio’s stable economy. On September 19, 1977 Youngstown starting losing the steel industry jobs, this lasted until the mid 1980s. Youngstown, Ohio became apart of the ,”Rust Belt,” along with Pittsburg. The,” Rust Belt is a chain of cities in northeastern and Midwestern US, that are known for their declining industries. According to Professor Harris, Youngstown, “Ohio will NEVER Recover. Youngstown, Ohio
In the days of the Second World War, the United States was thrusted into being the primary provider of supplies whether it was food or steel. This presented many challenges; how would the U.S. truly get out of the great depression? How would the country amply provide a work force in a world where males dominated the labor industry, the same males that would go off to fight the war? To answer these questions, we must look at several sources such as Roosevelt's famous fireside chats, how the U.S. population at home aided the war effort and the role of minorities.
For the start of immigration in the mid 19th century, Cleveland has become a city full of cultural diversity and outside influence. In some cities at this time, people were forced to give up their traditions and culture, and assimilate into the already established culture of the city. In Cleveland, this allowed for a diverse workforce and unique neighborhoods. When the industrial revolution began, there was a spark in Cleveland's population and value, as a central city, between Minnesota and western Pennsylvania, Cleveland became the major hub for steel manufacturing. Companies, population and popularity of Cleveland grew exponentially while John D. Rockefeller grew his standard oil and railroad business. But then something unexpected happened, the great depression hit the United States hard, but it hit the city of Cleveland even
With such events occurring quickly in such a small time period, the second World War came as a massive shock. Yet again, Americans called for isolationism and neutrality as they believed America should focus on ending the Great Depression, not worrying about and dealing with the international issues of other nations and peoples. By analyzing Document 5, it is clear that many Americans still believe in isolationism during the Great Depression. Bennett Champ Clark states in his Defense of the First Neutrality Act that “the desire to keep the United States from becoming involved in any war between foreign nations seems practically unanimous among the rank and file of American citizens.” Americans influenced the US foreign policy yet again as the First Neutrality Act was passed in 1935. By analyzing Document 6, it is clear that President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the choices he made were still influenced by isolationist sentiment as he states in his Quarantine Speech that “it is my determination to adopt every practicable measure to avoid involvement in war.” However, it is clear in President Roosevelt's speech that he knew that entering the war was inevitable as he states that the “peace of the world and the welfare and security of every nation, including our own is today being threatened by that very thing (war).” Although the United States tried its best to not enter the second World War for many years, it could not avoided by the end of 1941. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. The federal government’s response to this attack can be analyzed in Document 7, President Roosevelt’s Pearl Harbor Address to the Congress of the United States. In response to the attack, Roosevelt calls for Congress to “declare . . . a state of war has existed between the United States and the
When the citizens had bought all that they could buy, there was a decrease in demand. Suddenly, the industries had an excess of goods and no one to sell it to. At this point, the Fordney-McCumber Act began to cripple the economy of America. Other nations introduced high tariffs to boost their revenue and to spite the United States. Sadly for the United States, these high tariffs and low demand were instrumental in the depression that America experienced. When the stock market crashed on October 29th, 1929 or “Black Tuesday”, the united states, along with other nations were in economic turmoil and the widespread prosperity of the 1920s ended abruptly. The depression threatened people's jobs, savings, and even their homes and farms. During the heart of the depression, over one-quarter of the American population was out of work. For many Americans, these were extremely hard times. When Roosevelt was voted into office, he introduced the New Deal. While this plan tried to help the united states out of it’s isolationist rut, the second world war was the final solution. Mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. Millions of men and women joined the armed forces, and even larger numbers went to work in well-paying defence jobs.
In October 1929 when the stock market crashed, the great depression took its place. 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed (Great Depression). However, during the war the US recuperated. Sending about 12 million military forces, and other related jobs to aide in Europe. This took care of many unemployed Americans. (Unemployment and Economy ). Although, FDR feared that the unemployment rate would be greater than ever, when Hitler and Hirohito surrendered. The productions efforts of the war brought extensive changes to American life. As millions of American men and women enrolled in service, production in the United States massively increased. With this in mind, unemployment decreased giving those that stayed behind a job opportunity. The economic output ascended (Economic
Americans experienced an adverse unemployment rate during the time of Great Depression. Many factors were responsible for this huge unemployment rate such as the value of money went down, demand for industrial products was low that made the production of the industrial products went down. This factors eventually led to huge unemployment problem around the country. As industrial production got mostly affected at the beginning and those industrial jobs were classified as man’s job so man got mostly effected by it. “For the month of March 1933, when the Depression was near its worst, Robert Nathan, an economist in the Commerce Department, estimated that 15,071,000 people were unemployed.” (Hanes and Hanes) Approximately, one third of the labor force was out of work at that time. As industrial production was low, companies were getting rid of employees rather than hiring anyone. So, it got really hard to find a job because thousands of people
Adding to the picture, in the United States, the government passed the Neutrality Acts that were founded upon the isolationist beliefs that the United States had at the time. The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws passed from 1935 to 1939 that prevented the United States from becoming disheveled in World War II. The acts prohibited the transport of war supplies to World War II participating countries and inhibited U.S. citizens from traveling on belligerent ships, it forbid loans to belligerents, allowed the President to limit non-munitions sales on a “cash-and-carry” basis, and finally, it outlawed U.S. vessels from hauling goods or passengers to belligerent ports but permitted the sales of munitions on a “cash-and carry” basis. In spite of these acts, as Hitler became a serious threat to the world, the United States repealed the acts in a “cause and effect” process. As Hitler stormed through Europe, the United States repealed the provisions of the Neutrality Acts one by one. FDR went in front of Congress and addressed the needs of their democratic allies and the needs to secure safety for the United States.
Th Great Depression raised the suicide rate to 50 percent. This period was a period of hardship and unemployment. Many citizens across the country lost houses, jobs, money and their cars. The unemployment number of citizens across America is 11,385,000. People were trading a dozen eggs for a matchbox. The Great Depression ended in 1939 and World War II began. Many people say that the reason the Great Depression ended is because of World War II. (Carson and
Two days after Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany, on the 3rd of September 1939, President Roosevelt issued a proclamation of neutrality and ordered the suspension of munitions sales to all “belligerents” (nations involved in war.) This included its “allies” the British and the French, as they were counted as “belligerent” nations.