CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the related literature and conceptual framework of this study. The literature review cover the shopping behaviour, shopping value, consumer’s decision making styles, perceived shopping mall image, shopping mall brand loyalty and consumer segmentation. The conceptual framework of this study will be explained in the end of this chapter. 2.1 Shopping behaviour This section is attempts to provide an explanation on consumer shopping behaviour by review the previous study on the previous literature. Shopping is one of the distinct activities of consumer behaviour (Tauber, 1972) and shopping behaviour is a distinctive form of consumer behaviour (Asseel, 1987). According to Tauber (1972, p …show more content…
Also according to Zaffar, Ghingold, and Zainurin (2006), two consumers may shop at the same stores for similar reasons, e.g. convenience, courteous help nice décor, etc., but one consumer my find shopping a burden, something to be done quickly within a minimum of effort while another may enjoy shopping, engaging in it as sport by achieving the satisfaction of buying a desired item at a bargain price. This latter consumer does not mind spending time searching for alternatives. Shopping involves much more than eye-sight and foot. That is what Paco Underhill (1999, p 161) said, "shopping is… the kind of activity I mean involves experiencing that portion of the world that has been deemed for sale, using our senses – sight, touch, smell, taste, hearing – as the basis for choosing this or rejecting that…virtually all unplanned purchases – and many planned ones, too – come as a result of the shopper seeing, touching, smelling or tasting something that promise pleasure, if not total fulfillment." It can seen that individual go shopping for some other reasons, beside to acquire a product, they also shop for non-purchase reasons such as looking for social interaction, sensory stimulation, learning for new rends and even exercise. That is, consumer can shop for utilitarian reasons related to achieving specific purchase goals. Alternatively, they can shop for hedonic reasons related to having fun.
A distinguished structure that is present in today’s retail environment is a shopping centre. A shopping centre is where multiple stores presenting different merchandisers are formed under a building and allocated through a leasing agency. Shopping centers are aimed towards middle income suburban residents who are mobile. A shopping centre has controlled walkways which enable consumers to walk from store to store. Plenty of effort is put into developing the design of a shopping centre, thus increasing the amount of time people spend shopping. The
In examining the article “Around the Mall and Beyond”, by Michael Kernan, the author seems to make an argument illustrating the existence of artifacts, practically everywhere. In this article, I concur with his position that there are likely artifacts and remains wherever one might go. This is because we are not the first inhabitants of this land, as such, remains of humans, animals, tools etc. could likely be found in any area if searched for in-depth enough. The author makes a specific reference to the National Historic Preservation Act, which I particularly agree with. The author goes on to use several instances in history where history were discovered on sites which were being considered for or in the process of being converted into
Shopping, a common activity conducted by almost everyone at least once a month, is such a normal subject in our everyday life, one barely puts any thoughts into the potential semiotic explanations behind it. According to the two essays, “The Signs of Shopping” and “The Science of Shopping,” Shopping has significant impacts on one’s self-identification. It is a two way straight, the consumers’ shopping styles can also influence the economic status of the retails businesses.
The purpose of this paper is to present the marketing success, retail & consumer trends, expansion and future marketing plan for “Mall of America: Shopping and a Whole Lot More. For over 20 years Mall of America has been able to attract over 40 million annual vistors driving by both local patrons and tourism. I will discuss my view on what I would like to see at Mall of America’s expansion facility and how that compares to the current facility. In addition to the selection of what vendors will occupy the space, but a marketing plan to appeal to new consumers to increase the number of annual visitors to Mall of America.
The suburban regional shopping mall is a place where the shoppers could purchase products and spend time for relaxing with their acquaintance. It has a huge space and amusement facilities, such as lounge, restaurant, department store and etc. Department store is one of the critical elements that the center has to attract and stimulate shoppers to walk throughout the mall. However, the existence of department store in the mall not necessarily gives a huge impact on the mall sales, because the changing of shoppers’ needs and wants.
The purpose of this paper was to observe the consumers of a retail store of my choice; I chose to observe Victoria’s Secret and Targets consumers, because I myself am consumers of those stores quite often, then to analyze the behavior of the consumers of Victoria’s Secret and Target. Victoria’s Secret and Target consumers differ because of the difference in type of retail they offer and sell. Victoria’s Secret consumers know what they are going to be shopping for women and certain needs or wants they are looking to satisfy. Target consumers shop for any age and any gender,
In “Enclosed. Encyclopedic. Endured: The Mall of America” David Gueterson spoke about the idea behind the creation of the Mall and his journey as a reporter inside it. For instance, he talked about how the mall not only intended to attract Minnesotan, but also to appeal to tourist from everywhere. Because of it enormous size and diverse activities, the mall is like the mecca of shoppers. He also mentioned that, Some people got engaged and some even got their marriage ceremony at the mall. After all he described the mall as a success, and the companies behind the mall are even thinking about building similar malls around the world. (161-72). Such marketing strategies stated above are embodied in many businesses today, with the intention not only to bring people in, but also to make them spend money and come back again.
Kotler (1977 and 2001) believed that consumer buying behavior is the means by which people, gatherings and associations to choose, buy, utilize and transfer of items, administrations, thoughts or experience to take care of the buyers' demand. Purchasing conduct is the choice procedures and acts individuals required in purchasing and utilizing items which incorporates social and mental process.
Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals, groups and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. The emerging costumer trends play an important role in analysing the marketing opportunities. A consumer buying behaviour is influenced by cultural, social and personal factors. The consumer passes through five stages of the buying decision process: Problem Recognition, Information Search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post purchase behaviour. This model is important for anyone making marketing decision and customer pass through all stages in every purchase.
When comparing two different ways of shopping most people do not even think about the difference, they do both and not even realize it. In today's society people shop while at work, after work and on the weekends, whenever time permits. Stop and think how can I get more time in the day for family or just myself? The best way to figure that out with all the recourses we have is to go into a store and spend time looking through racks and waiting in endless lines to just purchase something. I compared going into a store verses online shopping; to see which one will save you time and money.
The definition of consumer buying behaviour is an individual and households who buy goods for personal consumption. There are four main influencers within the buying behavior of consumers which are the following personal, social, cultural and physiological. All these factors put together will determine whether the consumer purchases your product/service or which product/service is purchased.
Consumers make several buying decisions each and every day (Armstrong and Kotler, 2012). There is a strong academic interest in why consumers make such decisions and their buying behaviour (Armstrong and Kotler, 2012; Solomon et al, 2013; Shiffman et al, 2012). Shiffman et al (2012) defines consumer behaviour as ‘the behaviour that consumers display in the searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services.’ It is argued that consumers are strongly influenced by several factors when making a purchase; such as cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics these factors affect consumer behaviour as a whole (Armstrong and Kotler, 2012).
The behavior was observed from a large sample of people. This included twenty people shopping alone and twenty people shopping in a group, for a total of forty subjects, each ranging in ages from approximately 19 to 40 years old. The subjects were observed from the time they entered the store until the time they left. The reasoning behind this was to see the buying behavior differences for the whole experience and figure out which areas of the store could be improved in order to appeal to groups of people shopping. The behaviors observed included the amount of time spent inside the store, the amount of money spent, the interactions with associates, and the areas of the stores that were navigated.
Understanding consumer buying behavior entails marketing, relationships, and consumer behavior. Consumer behavior comprises all the consumer decisions and activities connected with the choosing, buying, using and disposing of goods and services. Marketers must pay very close attention to consumer behavior that occurs before the purchase and after the particular product has been used. Studying consumer habits is one of the steps in marketing search and analysis. In addition to other basic principles of consumer buying habits, marketers also need to study the decision and actions of real people. Until recent history the study of consumer behavior was focused on generalized consumer decisions. With