Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory Essays

Memory is divided into three categories. These categories consist of: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, out of these short term memory is the main focus in this essay. It has been widely researched due to interest of how much memory can be stored, how long this memory can be stored for and what information is memorised.

Only the data that catches our attention or something we only need to know for a minute goes into short-term memory. Short-term memory is stored in the brain for about half a minute. Short-term storage is small; it can hold about seven independent items at one time, an example being "carry" numbers in math.Information that may help us in the future will go into long-term memory, where it can last a lifetime.Long-term memory involves three processes: encoding, storage and retrieval.

Memory span is a measure of short term memory and its capacity through the use of a list. Participants are asked to review a list of items, retain, and immediately recall as accurate as possible. The list may be conducted with a random list of numbers, words, or letters since these items may influence differently amongst each participant. The list is also varied in item length to test in which particular length the participant is subject to make the least of errors and determine their memory span. The average short-term memory capacity is ranged

Memory is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information in the brain. It plays an import role in our daily life. Without memory, we cannot reserve past experience, learn new things and plan for the future. Human memory is usually analogous to computer memory. While unlike computer memory, human memory is a cognitive system. It does not encode and store everything correctly as we want. As suggested by Zimbardo, Johnson and Weber (2006), human memory takes information and selectively converts it into meaningful patterns. When remembering, we reconstruct the incident as we think it was (p. 263). Sometimes our memory performance is incredibly accurate and reliable. But errors and mistakes are more commonly happen, because we do

This supports the idea of an immediate memory store for items that are neither visual nor phonological and that draw on long-term memory to link the related words. It is used as both the Phonological Loop and the Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad have specific roles and the Central Executive has very limited storage capacity so as a result there was no where to store both visual and acoustic information. The Episodic Buffer is an extra storage system that has in common with all working memory units, a limited capacity. It is handy and can integrate information from the Central Executive, The Phonological Loop, The Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad and also information from the Long-Term Memory.

Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model was extremely successful in terms of the amount of research it generated. However, as a result of this research, it became apparent that there were a number of problems with their ideas concerning the characteristics of short-term memory. Building on this research, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called working memory. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argued that the picture of short-term memory (STM) provided by the Multi-Store Model is far too simple. According to the Multi-Store Model, STM holds limited amounts of information for short periods of time with relatively little processing. It is

Short term memory refers to a memory system that stores a limited amount of information in conscious awareness for a brief period of time, (McLeod, 2007). Short term memory is integral to cognitive activities such as reading, comprehension & problem solving & language as without it we would be unable to recall the beginning of a sentence by the time we reach the end of it, nor e.g. perform simple mental mathematical calculations (Hedden,et al, 2004). Interestingly because language , reading and problem solving occur sequentially (Hedden,et al, 2004) , information stored in short term memory is stored and retrieved sequentially.( McLeod, 2007) for example, when asked to recall the 3rd digit in a numeric sequence, one would go through the sequence in the order that it was heard in order to retrieve the 3rd digit in a numerical sequence, one would go through the sequence in the order that it was heard to retrieve the 3rd digit.

Roger goes to his friend’s wedding where he is introduced to over 50 people. Roger’s goal at this wedding is to meet new people, and remember as many names as he can. In order for him to get their names into long-term memory, he first needs to get them past sensory, and short term memory. For him to be able to do this, he needs to come up with some strategies to remember these names. He will learn when it is necessary for him to rehearse the names over in his head, group some of them together, or making connections to the names. By testing out these strategies, we will learn how information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, and hopefully to long-term memory.

Verbal short term memories encode and represent information in a phonological form in immediate memory. This was highly supported by Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) working memory model. Baddeley and Hitch introduce the “phonological (articulatory) loop”, a mechanism in the short term memory which helps in the retention of verbal information temporarily. (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). As these mechanisms are heavily dependent on the phonological systems, they have brought about inefficiencies in memory encoding bringing about various effects which includes phonological similarity effect ( difficulty in recall due to similar sounding words), word length effect (recall to be more difficult with long words than short words), the unattended speech effect

The class was asked to do experiments on five different people who I know. We were asked to test their short-term memory. I thought it would be easy for my subjects to remember just 10 words. I wanted to see if age or education can change their short-term memory outcome. On TV, there is a reality game show "Are You Smarter Than A 5th Grader", well my son is in the fifth grade. We sat at the kitchen table, I read aloud the words that were on the high-value list. Then I asked him to write the words that he could remember me saying. Then an hour later, I did the next set of 10 words from the medium value list, then the low-value list of words an hour or so after. With my husband, I did the same thing has I did with my son. We sat at the table

Learning is the process of gaining knowledge or skills through study, experience or teaching. It is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in the possible behaviour of an individual in a given situation, in order to achieve a goal.

Having short term memory is an important thing to have. Without short term memory we wouldn’t be able to recall things from only moments before. Short Term Memory is the ability to recall things from moments to days before. Imagine having a conversation with someone and then as soon as your attention is redirected you forget what you’ve just been told.

they made the further assumption that processing began at a relatively superficial and shallows level and proceeded to deeper level, with shallow processing giving rise to relatively poorly traces, while deep and richer levels trace that are considerably more durable. THEY REFERRED TO ALREADY existing evidence to suggest that short-term memory was typically associated with phonological and long-term with semantic processing, but suggest that rather than regard phonological coding as characteristic of short term store, and semantic coding as a characteristic of long-term store, the coding its self should be regarded as primary.

Memory is a very important tool to our everyday lives. Without memory, we would not be able to function very productively. You can look at someone suffering with Alzheimer’s disease and see the effects of the inability to make new memories, as well as lost and confused memory. According to what I have read in the textbook, the foundation of our speech and learning is our memory.

Memory is the process involved in retaining, retrieving and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present. We can relate this case with what we learn in psychology. Short term memory holds information from 15 until 30 seconds whereas long term memory holds information for years. Short-term memory (STM) is the system that is involved in storing small amount of information for a brief period of time while long-term memory (LTM) is the system that is responsible for storing information for long periods of time and recall information about past events in lives and knowledge learned.