Should Scientists Create Artificial Living Things?

In order to make ethical decisions, it is helpful to think about several questions, including: 1) who will be impacted by the decision, 2) who will benefit from the decision, and 3) who will suffer from the decision.

Select an ethical dilemma related to health policy from the categories of moral values, professional regulation, health of individuals in society, or distributive justice. What are the controversies surrounding this issue? What are the opposing ethical principles? How has past or current health policy addressed this dilemma? Support your reasoning with reference citations.

Another issue with the implementation of Informed consent arises when the patient waives the right to Informed consent and leaves the right to make the decision on the physician. Though legally correct, this can cause psychological stress for the physician especially when the decision is about a life threatening medical condition. Moreover, this also makes the patient vulnerable to abuse. (Manthous, DeGirolamo, 2003)

The field of Bioethics has developed over the past thirty years as a product of

The nurse in the case study is faced with an ethical and professional, dilemma. How can she be an advocate for her patient Mr. E? Dr G. is proceeding on a course of action or plan of care that is directly contrary to the patients advance directive and his verbalized objections to the course of treatment proposed by the physician and that is concerning for her. There are multiple issues to consider. For the nurse, she needs to think about her code of ethics, her scope of practice and the legal issues regarding advance directives and Durable Power Of Attorney (DPOA). She also needs to consider the patients right to privacy and confidentiality. As with most areas and issues in modern healthcare the statues can be

To decide on whether or not an issue is considered ethical or moral we need the hard cold facts. Facts expose or explain what is to be decided upon—not what the outcome should be. Decisions regarding health care and mental health issues represent a major portion of ethical and moral choices. As individuals we are not always able to understand the justice, or fairness, behind the decisions supposedly based on hard cold facts.

An ethical dilemma is a debate between two moral principles, where two sides can dispute about what is wrong or what is right. However, there is no real answer to an ethical dilemma. Is it a “simple” matter of what one believes in? The best answer would be, in ethics, it is not always simple. Ethics have a propensity to engage in moral reasoning, performing critical examination of different beliefs, in order to determine whether they should be accepted or rejected. Abortion is considered an ethical dilemma. It is examined by two different groups, which have two different perspectives; Pro-Life versus Pro-Choice.

(TCO D) A patient's family may be actively involved in end-of-life decisions for patients who are incapacitated or incompetent. Compare and contrast two legal cases that address the rights of families in participating in end-of-life decisions. For each legal case, identify how the case either contributed or detracted from the rights of families. (Points : 30)

The healthcare professional has a legal responsibility to ensure that the patient understands the information being given, can evaluate the available choices and is making the decision voluntarily.

The dignity and freedom of a patient should be respected so that people can make their own choices and develop their own life plans in the context of the society they belong to. . An individual has every right to take their own choices. A health care provider cannot treat a patient without his or her permission. If the patient is unable give the consent, then a lawful surrogate can provide consent. A lawful surrogate requires certain criteria like competence or has decision making capacity and is capable of realizing the consequence of consent. The consent from the patient may be implicit or explicit depending on the seriousness of health issues. Serious health issues like intrusive procedures

The patient-provider relationship is at the core of medical ethics and along with it are three major models that determine the medical decision making of each provider. The three models are the paternalistic model, the autonomy model and the deliberative model. The paternalistic model is defined as a patient-provider relationship model that involves the provider's professional knowledge to decide what is best for the patient. The paternalistic model denies the patients right to autonomy and the provider acts as the patient's guardian. The autonomy model is defined as a patient-provider relationship model that gives the patient their full autonomy in deciding what treatment to choose.

Patient autonomy is respected, the accounting of the patients “best interest” is highly factored, the prevention of further or current harm is prioritized and finally resource and care distribution including legal precedents are considered in the ethical framework of paramedicine, unordered and all encompassed in the duty of “prima facie” – decisions

3. If the interpreters are not neutral, do they challenge the authority of the physician judge, and act as patients’ ambassadors, or do they reinforce the institutional authority of physician?

Merriam Webster defines ethics as “an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior: a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong” (Ethic, n.d.). Ethics can be broken down into several categories. Metaethics and normative ethics are two subfields that ethics are divided into (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). The purpose of metaethics is to clarify the rational standards as well as the methods for the study of ethics (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). While normative ethics develops ethical principles, rules, and ideals that are the standards of good and bad, as well as right and wrong (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). Bioethics uses normative ethics to help with making decisions, and policies for the public when it comes to biology, medicine, and healthcare (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). Medical ethics pertains to the ethics of a healthcare provider (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). While public health ethics looks more in depth at patterns of diseases, social determinants of diseases, how it affects the population of a society as well as globally, as well as protect the rights, interests, and freedoms of the individuals affected by the disease (Jennings, Kahn, Matroianni, & Parker, 2003). Ethics are important no matter which type it is because it is

To make an ethical decision, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate immoral options and select the best and ethical alternative. It is a process of choosing the best ethical option among the alternatives.