Should We Be About Aerosols Not Ozone

The Earth has been experiencing a considerable amount of climate change for the last several decades. Natural factors that contribute to the climate system consist of: solar output, volcanic activity and earth’s orbit around the sun. The two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate exist in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. The earth’s energy balance primarily influences the amount of incoming energy from volcanic eruptions, which have a relatively short-term effect on climate. Changes in solar output have contributed greatly to climate trends over the past century. The effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been at least ten times that of changes in the Sun’s output and the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface, receiving twice the amount of earth’s radiation. Although the sun is the engine that drives all the weather, oceans and atmosphere control the sun 's energy along certain

Climate change happens when long term weather patterns are refined. It can be identified in the changes of temperature, winds, precipitation, and other forms of natural processes. This can occur through many different factors, one being through human activity. Global warming is one of the main scales used to measure climate change. For life to be able to continue on Earth, the sun is required. Solar radiation is reflected back into space, however, small amounts of radiation get trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing a rise of temperature. The atmosphere is composed of delicate gases, the most important gas being Carbon Dioxide. A main component on Earth is Carbon, which is released into the atmosphere through many activities, one human

The Earth 's atmosphere has changed all through history. Just in the most recent 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of frigid progress and withdraw, with the sudden end of the last ice age around 7,000 years back denoting the start of the present day atmosphere period and of human development. The greater part of these atmosphere changes are credited to little varieties in Earth 's circle that change the measure of sun based vitality our planet gets. Exploratory proof for warming of the atmosphere framework is unequivocal. The present warming pattern is of specific criticalness in light of the fact that the vast majority of it is likely human-impelled and continuing at a rate that is exceptional in the previous 1,300 years. Earth-circling satellites and other mechanical advances have empowered researchers to see the comprehensive view, gathering a wide range of sorts of data about our planet and its atmosphere on a worldwide scale. This group of information, gathered over numerous years, uncovers the signs of an evolving atmosphere. The warmth catching nature of carbon dioxide and different gasses was shown in the mid-nineteenth century. Their capacity to influence the exchange of infrared vitality through the environment is the logical premise of numerous instruments flown by NASA. There is no doubt that expanded levels of nursery gasses must bring about the Earth to warm accordingly. Ice centers drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain icy masses

Ozone also known as O3, is a colorless toxic gas formed by three oxygen atoms. The ozone occurs in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, the stratosphere and in the lower atmosphere, the troposphere. The ozone can affect life in a good or bad way. Good ozone is in the upper atmosphere and occurs naturally, it has a protective layer that helps block harmful ultraviolet rays (EPA.Gov). Stratospheric ozone is formed naturally and it is about 6 through 30 miles above the Earth’s surface and it also reduces the amount of harmful UV rays. Bad ozone is created by chemical reactions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (EPA.Gov). Tropospheric or ground-level ozone is what we breathe and are formed by chemical reactions of NOx and VOCs, these reactions have been viewed by the presence of heat and sunlight, resulting in higher ozone levels in the summer. The purpose of this paper is to identify the difference ozone levels in San

Even though it has been scientifically proven that the halide acid (HCI) from the volcanic eruptions is mostly confined in the troposphere found just below the stratosphere and hence not effective in destroying the ozone as it is washed out by rain, the volcanic eruptions still play a significant part in reducing the ozone levels in an indirect manner. The particles emitted during an eruption interact with bromine and chlorine containing compounds from the human made CFCs hence the chemical reaction leads to the erosion of the ozone (Rangarajan S., 2013). This continued stagnation of the volcanic particles is made worse if the wind fails to blow to clear away the particles as well as failure of rain for a long time.

Climate change is influenced by the greenhouse effect which is the increase of Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide. On one hand, the presence of these gases in the atmosphere make the earth habitable with respect to regulating the earth’s temperature. However, an increase in the concentration of these gases results in trapping energy in the atmosphere and this in turn increases earth’s temperature. “Global greenhouse gas emissions have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70% between

This continual warming of air actually allows for even more water vapor to be stored, and it is this feedback loop that is cited as the principle reason water vapor is considered to be the most effective greenhouse gas. Although he stresses that water vapor accounts for a substantial amount of climate change, Emanuel does not neglect to mention the involvement of industrial activity, biomass burning, and sulfate aerosols. The concept of “climate noise” is introduced within the final two pages of chapter three, but the author may have fortified the argument for global warming by spending a few more pages on the compelling concept, perhaps devoting an entire chapter to it.

The ozone layer act as a semi permeable membrane, by allowing some gasses to pass through while preventing others thereby keeping the earth’s temperature in a stable state.

Sulfur aerosols are very dangerous natural gases formed when sulfur melts at around fifty degrees fahrenheit that are usually released into the atmosphere at great heights. They mix with ash and other debris, forming large plumes that can travel across the sky for miles. They also go very high into the sky, spreading out in every direction. These giant plumes of sulfur aerosols form deep in the earth inside volcanoes until enough pressure and gas build up and they are injected into the air. These plumes are still present after a year, and disappear after two years.

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere. • Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to over 380 ppm. Current concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases are unprecedented in at least the last 650,000 years, based on records from gas bubbles trapped in polar ice. • Independent measurements demonstrate that the increased CO2 in the atmosphere comes

Aerosols are particles in the atmosphere that affect reflectivity, which affect the amount of energy that enters Earth, ultimately affecting global temperature change. An example of this can be seen in volcanic eruptions. Volcanic particles that reach the upper atmosphere are able to reflect enough sunlight back to space, which can cool the surface of Earth by a few tenths of a degree for a few years (Hegerl, 2007).

The world continuously faces a variety of threats every day, from natural disasters to terrorist, but one threat that society predominately contributes to all on their own, is climate change. There are many feasible explanations for the global threat of climate change. These explanations include but are not limited to, the act of deforestation to the rainforest and other trees, green house gas emissions, and sulfate aerosol, which cause poor air quality.

The world is filled with a million billion solid and liquid micro particles. These particles are known as Aerosols. Aerosols can be found in every single place imaginable, from the oceans to the mountains to the Arctic. They drift in the Earth’s atmosphere and can be as small as a few nanometer to several micrometers. While they may seem small, they have a very large impact upon the Earth and human health in general. Sources that form aerosols include smoke. Ash, and soot, making 90% of their origination from natural sources such as Volcanoes. However, since the start of the industrial age in the late 18th century, manufacturing factory plants produce the remaining 10% of aerosol in the

Ozone depletion in the earth’s atmosphere is under constant scrutiny by the American press and people. Perhaps the concern is warranted; the ozone layer protects life on earth by absorbing 97-99% of the damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). Over the past twenty years, the stratospheric ozone has decreased approximately 3% per decade. Possible concerns have been raised about loss of polar caps, DNA damage, increased human health risks, and environmental process disturbance. Emerging research has helped clarify effects of global ozone depletion. Three areas that have received recent scientific attention include UV effects upon macroalgae,

Aerosols are one of the key factors responsible for the climate change and influencing the radiation budget of the earth. Columnar Aerosol loading (amount in the atmosphere) is usually quantified by mass concentration (PM-Particulate Matter) or by an optical measure (AOD-Aerosol Optical Depth). The effects of aerosols on atmosphere are mainly categorized into four types (Lau et al., 2008). They are 1) aerosol direct effects, 2) aerosol Semi-direct effects, 3) first Indirect effects and 4) the second Indirect effects. Direct effect of aerosols is the manifestation of dimming of solar radiation by aerosols due to scattering and absorption. Due to blockage of incoming radiations, the temperature in the lower levels of the atmosphere decreases and therefore, the convection process is weakened which results in a thermodynamically stabilized atmosphere layer. This in turn, reduces the humidity in the lower layers delaying the cloud formation (semi-direct effect). The first indirect effect, which is also called Twomey Effect, explains the aerosol and cloud interactions at microphysical scale (Twomey, 1977). The changes in aerosol concentrations (aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)) can also alter the cloud albedo and reflectivity. The second indirect effect deals with the