Showing Demography Through Human Populations

The population in the United States has more than tripled in the last century from 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000 (Hobbs & Stoops, 2002). This can be contributed to several trends in population demographics. The most obvious reason is that there are more births than deaths in the U.S (Williams & Torrens, 2008). Also, the average American is getting older due to increased longevity. In simple terms, people are living longer. One reason is medical advances have increased in recent years coupled with the fact that Americans are taking their health more serious. The population of age 65 and older has increase from 3.1 million in 1900 to 35 million in 2000, with the 85 and older population increasing from 122,000 to 4.2 million (Hobbs

People of older age are more likely to have long-term or fatal illnesses “In 1995, only 21% of all deaths were among the under-5s, 7% among those 5-19, 29% among those 20-64, and 43% among the over-65s. By 2025, 8% of all deaths will be in the under-5s, 3% among 5-19 year-olds, 27% among 20-64 year-olds and 63% among the over-65s.” WHO 2015. Cancer, Heart disease and more commonly related to the 70-75 age group and also people aged 75 and above have more chance of becoming impaired such as visually, mentally, mobility and hearing. Women with breast cancer deprives women of 10 years of their life expectancy making women that have/do have breast cancer not live as long. The risk of

The rapid growth in the number of seniors in America and around the world is creating a global demographic revolution without precedent. During this century, advances in hygiene and water supply and control of infectious diseases have reduced the risk of premature death much. As a result, the proportion of population over 60 years in the world is growing faster than in any previous era. In 1950 there were approximately 200 million people aged over 60 worldwide. By 2000 there will be over 550 million, and by 2025, the number of people over 60 is expected to reach 1,200 million.

diseases ten years later than men usually around age 55 years old more fatal then cancer,

In detail, in 1940, the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the USA. In the following years, the proportion of elderly in both USA and Sweden rose dramatically and reached a peak of 15% and nearly 13% respectively in 1980. But the proportion in Japan declined slightly over the same period.

As the age increase, life table factor decreases. It showed for the first 20 years was constantly decreasing and it became more stable throughout the next 20 years. This was best characterize as a type III survivorship curve.

The life expectancy is eight years higher in females than in males. This can be because of

When examining age in relation to risk for cardiovascular disease, middle-age is for all the highest risk. Males over approximate the age of 41 and females over 47 are at the highest risk for CVD. Genetically those individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease will also be at a higher probability for CVD then those devoid of a family history of the disease. The

From 1960-1975 (during the war) life expectancy was very low. The average age varied between 59.07 - 61.54 years. Now they average to around 75.61 years.

At the time of the Industrial Revolution Europe’s population grew from about 187 million in 1800 to about 266 million in 1850, an increase of 43 percent. With the growing acceptance of vaccinations life expectancy was on the rise

(3a) From Figure 1, we can clearly see a distinct separation in the survivorship curves between males and females of the post-1950 population at around age 51, where females show higher rates of survivorship than males; however, this obvious sex gap does not occur in a pre-1910 comparison of gender mortality. Instead, the pre-1910 survivor ship curves for both genders begin to oscillates near similar survivorship values at age 31, which could be the result of environmental variation during that time period. Nonetheless, the maximum longevity of women surpasses that of men in both populations.

In the article Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century by Thomas McKeown and R. G. Record, they begin by anticipating part of the conclusion, which they later justify. It is that preventative or curative measures in medicine had no substantial effect on mortality before the twentieth century, and one must observe in a different place in order to determine why the population rose (McKeown & Record 94). The table represented here shows the mortality from 1841-1850 and 1891-1900, and is based on a population of 1,000,000 people (McKeown & Record 101). One notices that in 82% of the age groups, the mean annual number of deaths has decreased, and overall has decreased by 16.3%. At the time of the nineteenth century when mortality began to decline quickly, it is also the time in which the standard in living began to improve, and so

https://www.ons.gov.uk/. A statistic that I researched to support my finding was there was a death rate of 15.4% for males and “12.2% of female deaths during 2013.” http://visual.ons.gov.uk/. This article also states the causes of the death rates for both the males and females in 2013. http://visual.ons.gov.uk/. The cause of the 15.4% male death rate in 2013 was Ischaemic heart disease. http://visual.ons.gov.uk/ons.gov.uk/. The reason why there was “12.2% of female deaths during 2013” was because of the females developing illnesses such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

The proportion of older persons in developed countries is currently much higher than in developing countries; however, from a global perspective the majority of older persons live in developing countries. A notable aspect of population ageing is the progressive demographic ageing of the older population itself.

The interest for promoting health and preventing diseases has greatly increased since the past couple of decades. This desire has led many to want to improve not only personal health, but also the population health. In the past, the causes of death mainly depended on what was happening at that time. For example, during the fourteenth century, many lost their lives to the bubonic plague. In 1900, the leading cause of death was tuberculosis and pneumonia/influenza. “Beginning in the 1920’s,m there was growing recognition by major figures in health affairs that the increases in chronic disease required fundamental changes in research, practice, and policies” (McLeroy&Crump p.10. 1994).