Sickle Cell Anemi A Group Of Diseases Essay

Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia.

Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that mostly affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 70,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia. And about 2 million Americans - and one in 12 African Americans - have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease, but do not have the disease itself).

Sickle Cell Disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that occurs due to a mutation in the β-globin gene of hemoglobin. Autosomal meaning that it is not linked to a sex chromosome, so either parent can pass on the gene to their child. This mutation is a result of a single substitution of amino acids, Glutamic for Valine at position 6 of a β globin chain. The presence of this mutation causes

Sickle cell crisis is an acute form of sickle cell disease where pain and sickling are extensive (Byar, 2013). SCD is a genetic disease that predominantly affects black people of African decent (Gersten, 2016). Abnormal hemoglobin chains are the main issue with SCD (Byar, 2013). Normal hemoglobin chains are comprised of 99% hemoglobin A (HbA) however, in SCD an abnormal form of the gene, hemoglobin S (HbS) is present in approximately 40% of total hemoglobin (Byar, 2013). In order for a person to be born with SCD, both parents must carry the abnormal gene, HbS (Byar, 2013). HbS is extremely sensitive to the changes in oxygen amount of the RBC and when exposed to decreased oxygen the HbS cause the RBC to distort and become sickle-shaped,

This mutation paper is to give information on the Sickle Cell disease. This is a negative disease to have because the Sickle Cell Disease decreases the health of the person that has the disease and limits what they can and cannot do. Sickle Cell Disease is a red blood cell disease that causes ab normal hemoglobin to from in the veins. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body to help with the respiratory system. The cause of the genetic mutation is inheritance or getting the disease from the parents the disease is found on chromosome 13 while the hemoglobin is still in beta phase on gene HB A. The disease typically shows symptoms within the first 5 to 6 months of birth and being diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease. The symptoms include painful swelling on the hands and feet, and Jaundice, which causes a white color to form under the eyes, and turns the skin color yellow.

In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid "sickle" shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other red blood cells when oxygen is lacking to form a helical shape. Once this happens the cells cluster together and elongate and the cells start to "sickle". A person who has sickle cell anemia can only get it if both of their parents carry the sickle cell trait, if only one parent has the trait then there children are at risk for having the trait.

Approximately 100,000 people suffer from Sickle Cell Anemia everyday and about 2 million people have the Sickle Cell trait in the United States alone. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (Pruthi 2018). The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans (Pruthi 2018). Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia, a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body normally, your red blood cells are flexible and round, moving easily through your blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Abnormal hemoglobin can change cells that can become stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking oxygen from reaching organs and tissues. Tissue that does not get a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the problems of sickle cell disease. As to this day there is really no cure for Sickle Cell Disease. I choose to topic because there are a number of persons in my family who have Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). From personal experience I knew that the disease could take a toll on

Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder dealing with the hemoglobin within the red blood cells the individual has hemoglobin S (1). This causes the red blood cell to become gelatinous when deoxygenated (2).

Sickle Cell Anemia is a horrifying, scary disease to have. Sickle cell anemia is a blood disease that is inherited. It comes from substitutions between a single amino acid and a component protein of hemoglobin. Globin, which is the component protein that has the substitution, isn’t effective. When someone has sickle cell, hemoglobin molecules with those component proteins, stick together and make strands of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Cells with that strand end up stiff and long, known as sickle shaped. Also, with sickle cell, those cells die faster than normal red blood cells and they aren’t easy to replace in a fast manner. Anemia within itself is when there is a huge shortage of red blood cells. When you think about the disease and

The sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell have red blood cells that have mostly hemoglobin's, Sometimes these red blood cells become sickle-shaped or crescent shaped and have trouble going through small blood vessels. When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can get to that part of the body. Tissue that does not get a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the problems of sickle cell disease.

Thousands of years ago, a genetic mutation occurred in people from the Mediterranean basin, India, Africa, and the Middle East. As the Malaria Epidemic attacked people of these countries, carriers of the defective hemoglobin gene survived. Carrying one defective gene means that a person has a sickle cell trait. Two parents with the trait will produce a child with sickle cell anemia. People of these countries migrated and spread to other areas. In the Western Hemisphere, where malaria is not much of a problem, having the abnormal hemoglobin gene has lost its advantage. Any child born from parents that each has the trait will be born with the disease.

The mutation of sickle cells reflects on a change in the amino acids protein which transports oxygen into haemoglobin. This is the protein which gives red blood cells its colour and consist of two subunits the first being the alpha subunit which is common in individual’s with sickle cell disease. The second subunit is beta this has an amino acid at position 6 instead of the glutamic acid being present. If the beta globin gene is sickle and the other gene is normal this individual is a carrier of sickle cell disease, this condition is known as sickle cell trait, it’s a rare condition. If both the beta globin genes are sickle then the individual has sickle cell disease, those with sickle cell trait cannot develop sickle cell disease. This shift is the basis of all the problems that occur in people with sickle cell disease. Some types of haemoglobin molecules such as fetal haemoglobin which is found before birth block the interactions between haemoglobin s and deoxygenated molecules. This haemoglobin disappears within the first year after birth. One approach to treating sickle cell disease is to rekindle production of fetal haemoglobin. The drug, hydroxyurea induces fetal haemoglobin production in some patients with sickle cell disease and improves the clinical condition of some people (Okam,

The symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia were observed for over five thousand years in Africa. The first reported case of sickle cell anemia however was in 1846, when an autopsy of a runaway slave showed an absence of a spleen. However, it was first discovered by Ernest Irons, an intern of Dr James B Herrick in the United States in 1910. He viewed an anemic patient’s blood under the microscope and observed “elongated and sickle shaped” red blood cells. However, cases of these sickle shaped red blood cells were of African patients only. In 1922, the disease was named “sickle cell anemia” by Vernon Mason. Hahn and Gillespie discovered in 1927 that red blood cells are made into sickle shaped cells by the change in their molecular structure in the absence of oxygen. In 1948, Watson suggested that infants did not show symptoms of sickle cell anemia because of the presence of fetal hemoglobin, HbF. In 1949, it was shown that the disease was inherited and that only people homozygous for the gene got the disease. In 1951, Linus Pauling and his colleagues showed that sickle cell anemia was caused by abnormality in hemoglobin and had a different chemical structure than normal hemoglobin molecules. They proved the change in structure of sickled cells through gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin from normal blood cells and sickled blood cells. They published the paper “Sickle Cell Anemia, a molecular disease” that spread awareness of the disease. The actual amino acid change however was

Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder resulting from a point mutation of glutamic acid to valine at position 6 in the beta globin chain. the formation of sickle hemoglobin which polymerizes in deoxygenated state and generates deformed red blood cells (RBCs). These altered red blood cells can obstruct the blood vessels causing vaso-occlusion complications- episodes of pain, organ injury, and mortality. It is worth noticing that the most common clinical manifestation of SCD is vaso-occlusive crisis and the current management of sickle cell disease is symptomatic, with the lack of any specific