Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape

In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid "sickle" shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other red blood cells when oxygen is lacking to form a helical shape. Once this happens the cells cluster together and elongate and the cells start to "sickle". A person who has sickle cell anemia can only get it if both of their parents carry the sickle cell trait, if only one parent has the trait then there children are at risk for having the trait.

Sickle-cell Anemia is a genetic disorder that causes sever pain in the lower back, legs, arms, abdomen, and chest. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body. The body uses oxygen to make energy. Inside the red blood cell is a protein called hemoglobin, which hooks on to the oxygen. People with sickle-cell anemia have abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin S changes the blood cells into the shape of a sickle. These abnormal sickle cells stick to the blood vessel walls causing blockages. These blockages do not allow blood to flow. This is what causes the pain. People get sickle cell disease when a parent has a mutated hemoglobin gene. Their child has a chance of inheriting the sickle-cell trait or getting sickle-cell Anemia.

Sickle cell anemia can produce mild to severe symptoms and complications. Anemia symptoms are tiredness, irritability, dizziness, lightheadness, a fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, pale skin color, jaundice, slow growth and delayed puberty. Hand-foot syndrome which is usually the first symptom of sickle cell anemia is the swelling of the hands and feet (“Facts About Sickle Cell Disease,” 2016). The signs and symptoms can vary from person to person and change over time in sickle cell anemia (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/signs). Over time sickle cell anemia can worsen. (“Facts About Sickle Cell Disease,” 2016)

Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder dealing with the hemoglobin within the red blood cells the individual has hemoglobin S (1). This causes the red blood cell to become gelatinous when deoxygenated (2).

Sickle cell disease is categorized as an autosomal recessive disease. That means in order for one to inherit the disease, they must inherit two recessive alleles for sickle cell disease, or hemoglobin S gene. Having only one recessive allele makes you a carrier. The disorder causes the affected person’s red blood cells to disfigure into a crescent or sickle, which differs from the normal red blood cells that shaped into a doughnut. Sometimes, cells in a sickle shape cannot get through the narrow passageways of the blood vessels as easily as normal red blood cells. This blocks blood from entering and oxygen can’t reach the affected person’s organs. It can also crystallize and block arteries and

Hemoglobin is a very important protein in our blood that carries oxygen from our lungs to organs and surrounding tissues in our bodies. When hemoglobin has an inaccurate amount of production of beta globin, the normal red blood cells are changed in shape. [4] The cells also contain Hemoglobin S which is not useable within the body. The loss of oxygen and change in shape causes one hemoglobin S cell to connect to another hemoglobin S cell to form into long crystals.[3] Once changed in shape, the newly formed sickle cells are not able to pass through vessels, as normal red blood cells do, and most often result in a blockage within the body. Once a vessel is blocked, oxygen is unable to be supplied to other areas in the body causing hypoxia, or lack of oxygen. This causes an attack known as pain crises in which the

Sickle cell anemia is a severe condition in which there aren’t enough healthy, round red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. It is a form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin--a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates--distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape. This causes low oxygen levels. Normal red blood cells are flexible and round allowing for easy movement throughout your blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells are rigid and sticky and are shaped like a crescent moon--or a sickle. The effect is the red blood cells get caught in small vessels and block blood from reaching different parts of the body. This can cause pain and tissue damage.

All of the cells within the tissues of the body need a regular supply of oxygen to function. The hemoglobin found in red blood cells (RBC’s) are essential for the proper transport of oxygen molecules. They bind oxygen in the lungs and carry to every tissue within the body. Due to the structure of hemoglobin, normal RBC’s are donut shaped with a concaved center. This flexible shape is what allows the BRC’s to move freely into very small spaces such as capillaries where they will deliver their oxygen. Sickle cell anemia or other diseases that fall within the broader group of disorders characterized by SCD describe conditions where the protein (hemoglobin) has misfolded and altered the shape of the cell. Sickle hemoglobin allows for the formation of stiff rods within the red blood cell giving it a sickle, or crescent shape. This new shape is not flexible and can block or slow the flow of blood. When this occurs, oxygen cannot reach its intended tissues. This results in severe pain called crises, and these attacks occur

Sickle Cell Anemia is when a red blood cell is shaped into a different form and causes real bad diseases and sickness. Sickle cell Anemia also can be caused from blood loss. The sickle cells can get stuck in your blood cells and you won't be able to move your blood vessels. The molecule in the red blood delivers oxygen throughout the body. Other names for Sickle Cells is HbS, Hemoglobin S, Hemoglobin SS. Three important facts you need to know about sickle cell anemia is disorders, diagnosed, and genetic disorders.

The deformity caused by sickle cell anemia results in a decreased oxygen carrying capacity by the cell, and that leads to a variety of related issues. Additionally, the lifespans of sickle cells are shorter than the lifespans of regular red blood cells, because sickle cells are brittle and break apart easily. On the macroscopic level, symptoms for sickle cell anemia vary for age. A common symptom for infants is swelling in the hands and feet, often referred to as hand-foot syndrome. The swelling is a result of blood flow back to the heart being blocked by clusters of sickle cells. Perhaps the most common and widespread symptom is chronic pain. The pain occurs because the sickle cells obstruct the flow of blood to miniscule blood vessels leading to the chest, abdomen, and joints. These episodes of pain, called crises, vary from individual to individual. Some individuals experience only one or two crises in a year, and others suffer from dozens. The crises also vary in intensity and duration. While less common than crises, sickle cell anemia also leaves many crippled with infections because the liver, an organ that helps combat infections, can become damaged or destroyed by sickle cell anemia. Other, less common, symptoms and side effects of sickle cell anemia include vision problems, jaundiced eyes,

Sickle cell anemia is a disorder that is caused by the abnormal shape of hemoglobin cells in the body. In lecture we learned that hemoglobin is the molecule that is present in red blood cells. Hemoglobin is responsible for supplying oxygen to other cells throughout the body. Red blood cells are normally rounded in shape, defected cells are in a long shafted shape, which gives the disease its name. When red blood cells sickle, they break down which causes anemia of the cells. Sickle cells can result in an individual having a low red blood cell count, having repeated infections, and suffering from long episodes of pain in different parts of the body. The disease can also cause delayed growth in children, shortness in breathe, fatigue, swollen feet and hands, and also vision problems.

Sickle cell anaemia describes a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder that affects a protein found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) called haemoglobin. This disease results in 100% of blood cells becoming sickle shaped. The co-dominant sickle cell disease entails half of the erythrocytes becoming sickle shaped and the remaining half as normal biconvex structures, however, these people are carriers and can pass the disease or anaemia onto their offspring. Prevalence of significant morbidity and mortality of sickle cell disease is clear in Africa, the Mediterranean, India, Central America and the Carribean, with estimates suggesting 250 000 children are born annually with sickle cell anaemia (reference). Haemoglobin ss the autosomal recessive genotype, inherited from both parents, causes the phenotype of sickle cell anaemia. When erythrocytes become rigid and sticky, they cannot flow smoothly through small vessels, consequently, slowing or blocking blood flow and oxygen around the body. This prevents oxygen from reaching vital organs such as the spleen, liver, lugs, heart and kidneys, causing extensive damage as lack of oxygen results in cell death.(1) Sickle cells only live an

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disease. People who are affected have two copes of the mutant gene. Normally, if a patient is heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene, they do not display any symptoms of the disease. Sickle-cell anemia is characterized by a deformation of red blood cells that are elongated and resemble sickles. In sickle-cell disease, mutated hemoglobin binds together to form large masses, which give the red blood cells their sickle shape. The hemoglobin found in this disease is referred to as hemoglobin S (Hb S), as opposed to normal adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A (Hb A).

Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease that affects how oxygen is carried throughout the body by blood. Specifically, sickle cell anemia is characterized by a change in the shape of red blood cells from a smooth donut shape to a crescent or sickled shape, almost the same shape as a crescent moon. The sickled cells are very long and stiff, so sometimes