Annotated Bibliography On Pain Management

People with sickle cell anemia also may have bouts of pain in the chest, stomach, arms, legs, or other parts of the body. This is caused by sickle cells blocking blood flow through the blood vessels. Feeling tired and having trouble fighting

Nursing assessment is a substantial way of gathering physiological, psychological, spiritual, and emotional condition of the patient. It creates a whole picture of an individual and assist the health care providers to formulate a diagnosis. Assessing the comfort of the patient is equally important as taking the blood pressure or temperature. Pain is the fifth (5th) vital sign that is subjective in nature when performing an assessment of a patient. Various studies were conducted in finding the most appropriate evidence-based nursing practice in assessing and managing the pain of a cognitively impaired patient, whether it is acute or chronic or the underlying cause is cancer or post-operative incision. As emphasized by Song, Eaton, Gordon, Hoyle, and Doorenbos (2015), it is vital to ensure that “pain management is based on the best evidence” (p. 456). Perhaps knowing the causes of inability to assess and manage the pain in a cognitively impaired patient would give a clearer understanding of the practice.

Sickle cell anemia can cause numerous symptoms, which the severity of this can vary between individuals. Symptoms that might vary from person to person that change over time, include anemia, episodes of pain, frequent infections, delayed growth, vision disorder, acute chest syndrome, and more. Indeed, of each symptom; anemia, sickle cell breaks red blood cell faster and die living people without enough red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia usually dies in 10 to 20 days while normal live for about 120 days before it replaced. Episodes of pain is a major symptom of this disease and the most common reason for people to get hospitalization; Pain develops when sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow through tiny blood vessels to the chest,

The main thing doctors do to treat sickle-cell anemia is to avoid complications. They measure the patient’s height and weight to make sure they are growing properly. The doctors also monitor blood pressure to prevent strokes. Doctors also do blood and urine tests to see if there is organ damage or kidney problems. They also do TCD testing or brain ultrasounds to prevent strokes. They also do eye examines to prevent loss of vision. Sickle-cell anemia is caused only by having two mutated hemoglobin genes.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a life-threatening disorder with acute and chronic complications that affect patients’ quality of life. Evidence confirmed that the lifespan of patients with SCD is a three-decade shorter than healthy individuals due to chronic complications of vascular occlusion (Sheth, Licursi, & Bhatia, 2013). Therefore, recognizing the need for a guide to managing SCD complications require an Interprofessional team approach to manage symptoms and reduce complications (Yawn et al, 2015).

Complications of sickle cell anemia are pain crisis, infection, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, vision loss, leg ulcers, stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pain crisis is a feeling of pain that can happen all of the sudden with mild to severe intensity and last for a period of time (“Facts About Sickle Cell Disease,” 2016). Serious bacterial infections are potential life threatening due to the damage to the spleen in some people who have sickle cell anemia (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/signs). Acute chest syndrome can be life threatening and symptoms included chest pain, coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. Splenic sequestration is can be life threatening

Have you ever wondered what could possibly hurt you more than just a simple pain that goes away less than a second? Have you ever wondered what could be worse than a headache or stomachache? Many of you complain about simple pain because you know it will go away. Temporary is a word that doesn’t exists for me and many others that are like me. That pain that some of you never image is Sickle Cell Anemia. Kids and Adults that suffer from sickle cell experience variety of issues. One of those issues is acute chest syndrome. Acute chest syndrome is a life threating lung related complication. Some symptoms of it are chest pain, a cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Another issue that people suffer from is Chronic Pain. Pain can occur anywhere

This paper will discuss Sickle Cell Anemia. It will describe what the disease is as well as how its contracted. The paper will go on to on to discuss the symtoms risk and statistics of sickle cell aniema. The paper will end with discussing treatment for the disease.

Sickle cell anemia is one of the disease out there in the world that cannot be cured. The only thing people suffering from sickle cell can do is get treatments for the symptoms they are suffering from. Not only are there treatments, but there are also things that can be done that can prevent some of the symptoms. Some of the treatments available are different kinds of medications, vaccines, and experimental treatments. When a child suffers from sickle anemia their life could be put on line when catching an infection that may not be life threating to some who may not have that disease, so it is important for children to take antibiotics. From the antibiotics a person can take painkillers to relieve the suffer pain. A drug that is

In Des Moines, Iowa a 16 year old boy by the name of Isaiah Newsome suffers from a debilitating genetic disorder called sickle cell anemia which affects mostly African Americans in the United States. Everyday Isaiah manages his pain daily by dipping into a bag of pills; blood transfusions are done every three weeks to replace the dead or misshaped cells, and for his weakened bones he has a procedure called an infusion every two months. Sickle cell anemia is a disorder that affects the red blood cell (RBC) causing it to appear under developed in a sickle shape. The shape of the sickle cell impedes on the ability of the hemoglobin (Hgb) to attach on to the RBC which deprives starving tissues and organs in rich oxygenated blood (Jackson, 2014). Some recent advancements in bone marrow transplant has proven to cure some cases of sickle cell disease but because of the risk involved with the procedure, approval to use bone marrow transplant widely has not been implemented (NHLBI 2009). By understanding sickle cell disease and increase funding for research is imperative to move forward aiding the improvements of management and treatments for sickle cell disease (SCD) with a goal of finding a cure for sickle cell.

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorders which leads to an abnormal hemoglobin or red blood cell shape. Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells which transports oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell disease is inherited by being passed on through genes from parents to their offspring. It is not a contagious as one cannot contract it through an infection or being with someone else. Individuals with Sickle cell disease inherit two abnormal hemoglobin genes from each parent respectively. The alteration in the composure of hemoglobin of someone with sickle cell leads to the change in red blood cell shape from a normal circle to a sickle shape. This leads to blood clotting, dehydration, anemia, and low oxygen in tissues. Furthermore, some other negative side effects of Sickle cell anemia are weakened bones and an overworked heart. Although Sickle cell has no present-day cure, there are experimental trials being conducted through bone marrow transplant and has proven effective. The primary goal of this transplant study is to reduce and ultimately eliminate the frequency of the Sickle cell episodes, crisis maintain normal hemoglobin levels. There are ways to prevent episodic sickle cell crisis such as staying adequately hydrated, limiting physical activities, blood transfusions and taking

Most adolescents and adults with Sickle Cell anaemia suffer from chronic pain, stemming from frequent pain episodes which occur when oxygen levels are decreased caused by sickle cells blocking blood flow. These pain episodes are commonly known as acute sickle crisis. It is believed that these episodes can be triggered by a secondary illness, temperature, stress and dehydration (G.Gibbons

The purpose of this paper is to offer a contribution to the little ongoing research about healthcare stigmatization practices and the other burdens that Sickle Cell patients go through on a day-to-day basis. There is not that much information and attention on Sickle Cell patients and the burdens that they face throughout their life. It is often overlooked with mainly the focus being on scientific aspects of the physical pain and treatments. This paper will include a literature review of what other scholars have published regarding the disease, and I will also analyze my one-on-one interview I with a patient. I investigated what support system the patient has in place, their care regimen, and the experiences they encounter in healthcare facilities.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease that changes the smallest and most important components of the body. A gene causes the bone marrow in the body to make sickled shapes, when this happens; it causes the red blood cell to die faster. This is what causes Hemolytic Anemia. Older children and adults with sickle cell disease may experience a few complications, or have a pattern of ongoing problems that shorten their lives. The most common and serious complications of sickle cell disease are anemia, pain, fatigue, and organ failure. Today there are many alternatives and opportunities that a sickle cell patient may consider. One outlined in this paper is the Hydroxyurea method.

The blood from the normal subjects contained very small amounts of circulating endothelial cells. The experiment concluded that because there is evidence for abnormalities in the vascular tissue, that there are high amounts of damage circulating endothelial cells more so in patients that have sickle cell anemia. The highest amounts of circulating endothelial cells in a patient was during acute pain. The data also showed that the circulating endothelial cells in the patients with sickle cell anemia were viable and had an activated phenotype that is present among other cells in a sickle cell anemic