Sickle Cell Research Paper

Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia.

Then I'll note that the cause of these symptoms varies depending on the type of sickle cell disease. so There is different types of anemia and each type have a causes . This is some of them: Iron deficiency anemia this type occurs because of iron deficiency in the body. as the bone marrow needs iron to produce hemoglobin because it can not produce it when there is not enough iron, it can not produce enough red blood cells . Aplastic anemia This is a rare type that occurs due to infections, autoimmune diseases and exposure to toxic chemicals. Sickle cell anemia this is hereditary, where the body

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a passed down blood disorder that attacks and destroys the red blood cells. This Disease was first discovered back in 1910. The disease was first described as a clinical entity by Herrick1 in 1910 (Anderson & Ware 1932). Sickle cell sickness is brought about by a change in the hemoglobin-Beta quality found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body. Red platelets with typical (hemoglobin-An) are smooth and round and coast through veins. Typical red platelets are round like doughnuts, and they travel through little blood tubes in the body to convey oxygen. Sickle red platelets turn out to be hard, sticky and molded like sickles used to cut wheat. At times these blood cells can become crescent shaped and have a hard time passing through small blood vessels, this keeps red blood cells and the oxygen they carry from getting to all parts of the body. This causes less blood to reach the body at this point the tissues that have not received a normal blood flow will become damaged. Individuals who have sickle cell

So what exactly is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells due to the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin, namely hemoglobin S. Sickle cell has a lot to do with natural selection and is known as genetic disorder. You may never know who will have it in your family. It will not affect everybody. Sickle cell effect the red blood cells in your body. The red blood cells in your body begin to become deformed. They begin to look, “crescent shaped and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels, which could slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body.” The cresset shaped is where sickle cell gets its name from. When sickle cell mutates in your body, it begins to effect the muscles and even could possible effect the oxygen flow into your body. When the oxygen is blocked, this causes pain and even harm to your organs and even muscles. When this happen, this effects a person ability to be active. According to web MD, “Severe pain is an emergency called acute sickle cell crisis. A person may not know what brought on the pain, but infection and dehydration are common triggers.”

Not only this disrupts oxygen from delivered, but the lack of oxygen also results in pain or crises for most. For children the pain scale can be from zero to very little pain, but for adults the pain may be severe. Doctors will often recommend the person to drink large amounts of liquid and take medications for instance ibuprofen. People with this disease are usually very tired and have a decrease in red blood cells. A normal red blood cell lives up to 120 days and automatically kills itself. A sickle cell lives up to 14 days so the body cannot necessarily keep up because the cells are rapidly

Sickle cell anemia has no cure, but there are treatments options to help with the complications of the disease. “Penicillin is used for children who have the disease to prevent them from getting infections.” (Yates) People with the disease also have to get not only their regular suggested immunizations in childhood, but also get regular immunizations into adulthood. Other options include prescribed medications to help relieve pain and swelling, bone marrow transplants, and supplemental oxygen.

Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition that causes a mutation in the hemoglobin molecule. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible. In a person with sickle cell anemia the blood cells are stiff and sticky. This causes the cells to be misshapen and can become stuck within blood vessels. The disease process also causes a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body (Porth, 2015). Acute chest syndrome is a type of pneumonia caused by these sickled cells blocking blood vessels in the lungs. The syndrome can cause chronic respiratory insufficiency and is a leading cause of death in sickle cell disease (Porth, 2015).

Typically people with Sickle Cell Trait can live a normal life span; however, if anyone has this disorder severe you may contempt of dehydration and high intensity physical activity may lead to serious health issues (Sickle Cell Trait American). As research says people do not have health problems related to Sickle Cell Trait, but under stressful conditions they may have some problems. Conditions Sickle Cell Trait might also lead to low oxygen caused by stenos exercise, high altitudes which is causing a lack of oxygen (Facts about). Sickle Cell Trait is not just some disorder you can look over and never look back on it is the type you have to keep track of to keep up with how sever your case

The Genetics Home Reference writes that sickle cell disease affects the body’s blood, in particular the red blood cells. The hemoglobin in an afflicted person is abnormal and can warp the shape of the red blood cells into a the shape of a sickle. Results of the odd-shaped red blood cells is them getting caught in blood vessels or breaking down too early, often causing anemia (an insubstantial amount of red blood cells) to occur. Because of these blockages, tissues and organs can be deprived of their blood supply. This can cause damage to them and the most commonly affected organs are the brain, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Typically sickle cell disease symptoms start to appear in early childhood. Common symptoms are frequent infections and painful

Episodes of pain. A feeling of pains periodically, which called crisis, are a major symptom of sickle cell anemia. Pains appear when sickle shaped red blood cells block blood flow to your chest , abdomen and joints. Pain may also developed in your bones.

Those who are born with the disorder inherit two genes for sickle hemoglobin, one from each parent. People who inherit a sickle hemoglobin gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent have a condition called sickle cell trait. Those with sickle cell trait are effectively carriers of the disorder- their children will be born with sickle cell anemia only if their partners have the trait as well. Sickle cell anemia has no widely available cure. However, treatments can help relieve symptoms and treat complications. A blood and bone marrow transplant can offer relief to certain patients. Blood transfusions are more readily available then marrow transplants and are used more frequently. Severe sickle cell anemia can be treated with a medication called hydroxyurea, which prompts the body to make fetal hemoglobin. Currently, there are no long term disadvantages of the drug, though it sometimes decreases white blood cell counts, leaving patients more sucesceptable to infection.

It is diagnosed by a blood test called hemoglobin electrophore that measures people abnormal sickle hemoglobin. The amount of hemoglobin determines if a person has a sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease (WebMD). If they do not have abnormal sickle hemoglobin they neither have a sickle cell trait or disease. People who are affected by Sickle Cell Anemia crises (pain in your bones) go through a lot of pain. They normally have chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe infections and blood blockage. People who have Sickle Cell describe their pain in differently, Tiffany who has Sickle Cells said, it’s like repeatedly being stabbed by a butcher knife in the same spot. Another lady Heather said. Her pain feels like someone is pouring glass in the same spot into her veins and expecting her to keep living normal. Patients with this disease go through a lot of pain and are not able to do anything about it because there are no cures for it. Pharmacist just have medicine to manage their pain. Patients go to therapy, take vitamins, and get blood transfusions and induction of hemoglobin to reduce their pain (WebMD). There are many more medicines now, in today’s time, to help people with their pain and people take medication

Sickle cell disease is a blood disease that turns your red blood cells into sickles. There are many types of Sickle Cell Disease one of the most common being Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle Cell Anemia is when the sickle cells die after a short time. And the body can't make new red blood cells fast enough to replace the dying ones. People who have the disease is usually born with it.

Sickle Cell is an inherited form of an abnormal red blood cell disorder. Sickle cell anemia is when your body produces abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) which is found in red blood cells. The abnormally shaped red blood cells are shaped in a crescent like form, this makes them sticky and rigid and prone to getting trapped in small vessels, which blocks blood flow to important parts of the body, this is how Sickle cell got its name. Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal copies of the hemoglobin gene, which is found in chromosome 11 in both parents. Hemoglobin or Haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cell of all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates. There are seven different types of sickle cell.

Sickle cell anaemia can cause various illnesses and defects to how the body functions. More than 300,000 children are born with a type of sickle cell. The types of illnesses that this can cause are strokes, a higher vulnerability to infections, chest syndromes and pulmonary hypertension.