Sickle Cells Anaemia And The Sickle Cell Trait

Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs in 1 out of every 365 African American births compared to 1 out of 16,000 Hispanic-American births (1). SCD is a group of red blood cell disorders in which patients have a sickle or moon-shaped red blood cell due to an abnormal S hemoglobin. While sickle cell disease is relatively rare in American births, this is an alarming statistic among people of Sub-Saharan (west and central) African descent. An interesting fact is that SCD occurs more often among people from parts of the world where malaria is or was common, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (1). In addition, it is believed that people who carry the sickle cell trait are less likely to have

The sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the America. The most common ethnic group the sickle cell anemia is seen in is African Americans and Hispanics. Approximately one in every ten African American and one in every one hundred Hispanic Americans have the sickle cell trait. Approximately two million people have the sickle cell trait in America. Approximately one in five- hundred African Americans and one in one thousand to one thousand and four hundred Hispanic-Americans have sickle cell disease. No universal cure has been found for sickle cell anemia (“Facts About Sickle Cell Trait And Disease,”n.d.). Sickle cell anemia affects many Americans and a universal cure needs to be found.

Approximately 100,000 people suffer from Sickle Cell Anemia everyday and about 2 million people have the Sickle Cell trait in the United States alone. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (Pruthi 2018). The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans (Pruthi 2018). Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia, a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body normally, your red blood cells are flexible and round, moving easily through your blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become

Sickle Cell Disease, also referred to as SCD, is a genetically inherited disease that causes abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in red blood cells. This disease currently affects about 90,000-100,000 Americans, a majority being African-American. Because SCD is genetically inherited, it is not contagious. It is inherited when both parents of a child carry the sickle cell trait, also called SCT. SCT and SCD are not the same. In SCT, the person is generally healthy and does not endure what one with SCD does, they are simply a “carrier” of the sickle cell trait. SCD cannot be inherited if only one parent is a carrier. If both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait, the child still only has a 25% chance of being born with sickle cell. They have a 50% chance of being born with a single trait, making them a carrier, and a 25% chance of being born with normal hemoglobin. About 1 in 13 African-American babies are born as a carrier and 1 in 365 are born with the disease.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease of the blood that is characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S causing the cell to acquire a sickle shape that prevents the smooth flow of blood to a major organ (Shea et al. 2017). The stress is usually caused by fever, infection or cold temperature, which lead to sickle cell crisis caused by hypoxia, dehydration, and acidosis (Barranger, 2017).

In fact, sickle cell trait is protective against malaria. Malaria is a disease caused by blood-borne parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. According to a theory, the genetic mutation is connected with the sickle cell trait that occurred thousands of years ago. The mutation increased carriers to survive malaria infection. Survivors then passed the mutation to their offspring. Sickle cell disease is known as a sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell diseases are caused by genetic change in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is called sickle hemoglobin (Hb-S), has a tendency to develop into rod-like structures that alter the shape of the usually flexible and round red blood cells. The cells take on a shape that resembles that curved blade of a sickle. Sickle cells have a shorter life span than normally-shaped red blood cells. The results in chronic anemia caused by low levels of hemoglobin and decreased numbers of red blood cells. Sickle cells are flexible and stickier than normal red blood cells and can become trapped in small blood vessels preventing blood flow. The delivery of oxygen can result in pain and damage to connect tissues and organs. Sickle cell disease is within the

Sickle Cell Disease occurs most commonly in individuals whose families descend from West Africa, South or Central America (particularly Panama), Caribbean islands, Mediterranean nations, (for example, Turkey, Greece, and Italy), India, and Saudi Arabia. In the United States, it’s estimated that Sickle cell affects between 70,000–100,000 individuals, predominately African

Proteins are macromolecules made up of many amino acids that play a lot of important roles in our body. In living organisms proteins have various functions. For example enzymes are proteins that are very important to our body. Enzymes are invovled in thousands of chemical reaction wporking by lowering the activation energy therefore speeding up the reactons. Proteins can also function as a messenger, transporter, and also for storage in the body. Proteins are polymers made up of a lot of amino acid monomers. The amino acid on the protein gives the protein its special function or unique property. A phenotype is an observable trait or characteristics on an organism. For example eye color, height, and a size of a bird's beak are all phenotypes,they

The disease I choose to talk about is Sickle Cell anemia, which is a blood disease that is prevalent among the African American race. This disease is interesting to me because it is a hereditary disease, so it can only be contracted if your parents have the disease. Sickle Cell anemia is caused by abnormal hemoglobin, the red blood cells in your body contain two vital hemoglobin molecules, a protein that carries the oxygen through your blood to travel throughout the body. People with sickle cell anemia, they have two copies of abnormal hemoglobin referred to as hemoglobin S. The molecule is what causes the problems within the red blood cells, rendering them unable to properly complete the process of carrying oxygen where it needs to go.

It is interesting to know the relationship between race and body structure, skin color, other visible characteristics, enzymatic and genetic variations, susceptibility to diseases and nutritional preferences varies among certain racial groups (Giger, 2013). There are marked intra individual and inter individual inconsistency in SCD. Medical heterogeneity of the disease has been clarified by both genetic and environmental factors. Identified genetic causes adding to differences in clinical severity of the disease include the pattern of sickle cell inheritance. Other modulators of the disease include environmental factors such as access to optimal health care, ambient living conditions, and availability of finance. Proper training of healthcare

Sickle-cell Anemia is a disorder that is typically inherited from a person's parents. Sickle-cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) that is found in red blood cells. In such a condition the red blood cells contort into a sickle shape. The affected cells die early which results to a shortage of healthy red blood cells and can block blood flow causing pain. The disease s caused by gene mutation through the process of substitution. In the Sickle-cell condition one Amino Acid; glutamic acid is always replaced by another acid valine. This happens in each of the two polypeptide chains of the haemoglobin molecule.This alteration results to a haemoglobin type S that is defective and is genetically

In conclusion, a person with this blood disorder have a lower number of red blood cells and have a lower life expectancy. A patient with SCA may have chronic health problems including circulatory problems, a splenic sequestration crisis, acute chest syndrome, and brain complications. People with SCA are resistant to malaria and can be of different ethnicities including African. Despite being a painful blood disorder, there is much funding going into the research of SCA. Overall, sickle cell anemia is a chronic and inherited blood disease in which a person has “sickle” shaped blood

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disease. People who are affected have two copes of the mutant gene. Normally, if a patient is heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene, they do not display any symptoms of the disease. Sickle-cell anemia is characterized by a deformation of red blood cells that are elongated and resemble sickles. In sickle-cell disease, mutated hemoglobin binds together to form large masses, which give the red blood cells their sickle shape. The hemoglobin found in this disease is referred to as hemoglobin S (Hb S), as opposed to normal adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A (Hb A).

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder that occurs due to an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin found in red blood cells which causes the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) to polymerize and form a sickle or a crescent shape instead of the circular shape of healthy red blood cells (Sickle Cell Disease, George). Ribosomes are responsible for the creation of protein in the body, meaning it is most likely that the ribosomes malfunctioned in the creating of the hemoglobin. A lack of healthy blood cells can lead to lack of oxygen and decreased blood flow throughout the body (Sickle cell anemia, mayoclinic.org). This can cause many different

Thousands of years ago, a genetic mutation occurred in people from the Mediterranean basin, India, Africa, and the Middle East. As the Malaria Epidemic attacked people of these countries, carriers of the defective hemoglobin gene survived. Carrying one defective gene means that a person has a sickle cell trait. Two parents with the trait will produce a child with sickle cell anemia. People of these countries migrated and spread to other areas. In the Western Hemisphere, where malaria is not much of a problem, having the abnormal hemoglobin gene has lost its advantage. Any child born from parents that each has the trait will be born with the disease.