Sigmund Freud : A Non Reductive Materialist

While previous theories focused on conscious behavior, it was not until Sigmund Freud, a neurologist, proposed the idea of psychoanalysis, that thoughts and behaviors exist not only in the conscious mind but unconscious as well. Freud believed that the human mind is made up of the id (consisting of primal urges), the ego (the component of the personality charged with dealing with reality), and the superego (the part of the personality that holds all of the ideals and values we internalize from our parents and culture) (7 major schools). Freud believed that the interaction of these three elements was what led to all of the complex human behaviors( “Schools of Thought”). He developed his theory by the detailed observations of his patients. According to Ronald Comer and Elizabeth

As Sigmund Freud theorized, the mind is broken up into both the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Within the unconscious mind exists three different apparatuses: Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is associated with satisfying instinctive actions such as sex or hunger, the ego is associated with reason and reality, and the superego is associated with the values

There are various theories suggested by Freud including psychic apparatus, topography of mind, psychosexual stage etc. He explained that there were both conscious and unconscious level in human mind, whereas preconscious level occupied part of the unconscious level (Wright, 2013; Cervone & Pervin, 2015). The structural model of personality was composed of the id, the ego and the superego, and these elements performed together to display complex human behaviours (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2016). Id, the critical, was always in the level of unconscious which responded immediately to one’s instinct, it also acted as a pleasure principle to strive needs and fundamental instinct without much concern (Elliott, 2015). Eros and Thanatos, which is libido and death instinct respectively were the sub-level of the id. Libido was priority to sustain human life, on the other hand, Thanatos was the opposite condition of libido which drove human to extinction (Elliot, 2015). Ego was based on reality principle and functioned all conscious, preconscious and unconscious level. It managed the balance the effect of id and superego by creating inner conflict (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2016; Schultz & Schultz, 2016). While superego was the element for judging and consider thoughtfully prior to their motivation (Wright, 2013). Conscience and ego ideal were parts of the superego distinguishing good and bad

From the Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams", there are three parts in the human personality that named the id, ego and superego. These parts are developing at different stages of lives and it is not part of the brain or physical but a system. Id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality. It includes all the inherited personalities. It exists in an unconsciousness mind which it can respond immediately and directly without notice. All the newborns are born with the id and later developed the ego and superego. Id will not affect by logic or any other factors.

Sigmund Freud, was a neurologist that mainly focused on psychoanalytical theories for psychology. His most famous research was done during the late 19th and early 20th century, in which during this time he wrote one of his most famous works Civilization and Its Discontents. In this book of his, Freud manages to draw on many Enlightenment ideals and challenges some of these notions through his theoretical analysis on the subconscious mind. In this book of his, Freud proposes that individual’s minds are divided into three distinct parts comprised of the ego, super-ego, and the id. In his analysis on these three parts of the mind, Freud encourageous individuals to regard their mind in emotional qualities that are characterized by the id, ego,

His psychoanalytic theory of personality explains that our behaviour results from the interaction between the id, ego, and superego - the three components of the human mind. The id controls our instinctual desire for gratification and operates primarily without thought (unconsciously). The superego counteracts this desire by making us aware of the social norm, helping us differentiate between what is right and wrong - commonly referred to as a conscience. The ego attempts to bring a healthy balance between the two by compromising between the urges of the ego with the rationality of the superego. In a sense, the ego determines how to establish a compromise between the two within our society. Freud believed that these three non-physical components of the mind are in constant

Freud defined the Id as the part of the mind dealing with unconscious desire. The Id demands gratification of bodily needs and is governed by pleasure principle which is our instinctual seeking of pleasure and avoidance of pain to satisfy biological and physical needs. The Ego operates in service to the Id and provides a solution to deal with the desire given by the id. The Ego is the preconscious part of the mind that helps make decisions based on the Id’s desires. According to Freud, the Superego is the conscious part of the mind that regulates animalistic desires using social acceptance. The Superego acts as a source of guilt in relation to the desires of the Id.

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was the first to develop a theory of human development with a focus on unconscious processes and instincts. Freud believed unconscious conflicts in early childhood can determine who a person will be in adulthood. He also believed that the mind contains three parts known as the id, ego, and superego, which govern a person’s judgment (Frank, 2013). The id, which Freud believed to be present at birth, is viewed as the childlike part of the unconscious. It is pleasure seeking and represents a person’s wants, instincts, and drives. The ego, which is both conscious and unconscious, is the adult part of a person’s mind as well as the compromising component between the id and the supergo. It serves as a

Freud saw the psyche structured in 3 parts id, ego and superego that all develop at different stages of our lives. Freud assumed that id operated at an unconscious level according to the pleasure principle. The ego develops through id during infant stages. The egos goal is to satisfy the demands of id in a safe, socially acceptable way. Superego develops during early childhood when the child identifies with the same sex parent, and is responsible for ensuring moral started are followed, superego also operates on the morality principle and motivates us to behave in a socially, responsible, and acceptable

According to original Freudian psychoanalysis, there are three basic structures that, together, determined the nature of personality; they are the 'ego', 'superego' and the 'id'(Weiten, 2004:481). It is through the interaction of these three elements that the majority of psychoanalytical assumptions are based.

Freud’s structure of personality theory divides the mind into three parts, the Id, which centers on desires, pleasures, primal impulses, or urges. The Ego, which is concerned with the conscious, the moral, rational, and is self-aware. The Super-ego, the censor of the Id, which enforces the moral code of the Ego. He believed the Ego and Super-ego are both partly conscious and unconscious. His “structural theory” of the Id, Ego and Super-ego was detailed in the book, The Ego and the Id when Freud revised his earlier theory of mental functioning and believes repression is one of many defense mechanisms and it occurs to reduce anxiety. Freud reasons the conflict between the drive and superego as the cause of anxiety which is the root cause that inhibits mental functions, such as an individual’s intellect. Identification, rationalization and projection are three other defense mechanisms people use to protect their mind from anxiety.

Freud conceptualized the human mind’s functions into three parts- the id which is the locus of all primal pleasures, the ego which balances the id

The Ego follows the reality principle. This means that our minds try to give into what the Id wants in a realistic and appropriate manner. It weighs the pros and cons of each desire before deciding whether to obtain gratification or abandon it. Lastly, there is the Superego. The Superego is the total opposite of the Id; it strives to suppress the Id’s desires. It opts for doing the right thing versus the wrong thing. To simplify, the Id is the bad devil on your shoulder. The Superego is the angel on your shoulder. The Ego is the one in the middle trying to make both the devil and the angel happy.

Sigmund Freud developed a topographical model of the human mind, in which he described the mind as being composed of three parts; the conscious, the pre conscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind consists of mental processes of which a subject is immediately aware, the pre-conscious mind consists of thoughts or feelings which the subject may not be immediately aware of but can access, as required, and the unconscious is composed of mental processes which cannot be directly accessed but which exert a large effect on one’s feelings or behaviour. Freud applied this model to his structure of the psyche (id, ego and super ego). He believed that id was to be considered entirely unconscious while ego and super ego have unconscious, conscious and pre conscious aspects (McLeod, S. 2015).

Before the structural model, Freud (1990) developed the topographical model of the mind which is an important aspect of id, ego, and superego. Freud uses the term conscious, preconscious and unconscious to explain the different surface configuration of the brain. The conscious is what the mind is currently aware of, whereas, preconscious is the memories that can easily be brought to awareness. The unconscious is a region that is inaccessible to the conscious memory, which Freud saw it as the source of desires where many problems arise. Therefore, the structural theory also stresses the role of unconscious conflict between the three components in shaping