Significant Events In Law Enforcement History

Police forces or Law enforcers have been used for centuries all around the world but America took particular interest in the English’s policing system. America’s policing ideas and process began

Policing today consists of three eras. These three eras have adapted and built off one another through history (Parr, 2014). The first era started around 1840 to 1930, and is known as the Political Era. The second Era is known as the Reform Era and lasted from 1930 to 1970. The last era is called the Community-Problem Solving Era and is still being adapted and used today. The Political Era emphasizes on meeting the needs of politicians. The police were given power through the local government and the community had very little say in what happened. The police and politicians worked together to control the city and neighborhoods (Palmiotto, 2000). This was often referred to as a ward. The ward politician controlled all the police in their neighborhood. The police officers tasks included not only crime prevention and order but a lot of social service activities that involved their neighborhoods. The officers resembled the ethnic backgrounds of the neighborhoods they lived and worked in and performed their patrols gaining trust from their community (Palmiotto, 2000). This allowed positive integration of police officers leading to more public service, and the trust of the officers to stop crime when is starts.

Starting In 1829, Sir Robert Peel began developing his theory of policing. These nine principles are as relevant today as they were in the 1800's. Peel established the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. Since Sir Robert Peel introduced his principles of policing in the early 1800's, our country has continued to follow his ideas of effective policing. Community policing is based on Peel's concept of prevention.

The role of police officers is very significant to American history. Police work toward protecting citizens’ rights and helping America become the land of the free. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights and police play a major role in making sure American rights are met. Evolution has changed many of American history for the better; policing is part of those changes. As new issues in society arise, police must change and adapt to protect and serve the public.

In this paper I will discuss the history of the NYPD Corruption. I will address the founding of the department in 1845 and a few early scandals. The New York City Police Department officially is the largest municipal police force in the United States Established in 1845, the agency has primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City.The NYPD is one of the oldest police departments established in the U.S tracing its roots back to the seventeenth century. The NYPD has specialized services, including the Emergency Service Unit, K9, harbor patrol, air support, bomb disposal, counter-terrorism, criminal intelligence, anti-gang, anti-organized crime, narcotics, public transportation and public

There is a significant health issue facing the public as well as law enforcement every day, suicide. The numbers surrounding suicide are shocking effects people of all backgrounds. In the year 2010 more than 38,000 adults committed suicide. Then in 2011 around 1 million adults admitted to attempting suicide, while 8 million had serious suicidal thoughts. Law Enforcement officers are at an even higher risk then most due to experiencing such a large number of risk factors. These factors include but are not limited to poor physical health, access to fire arms, domestic abuse, substance abuse, exposure to violence and suicide; depression, anxiety and other mental diseases. These factors lead to an above average number of officer suicides every

African Americans in modern America have bound together in unity against inequality to help end the unnecessary murders and unjust police beatings. However, where did these tensions between police and African Americans begin? This question can be answered by looking at the history of police in America and why they were originally established. Police first came on to the scene in 1704 when Carolina established the nation’s first slave patrol that would turn into what we know today as the modern police. The slave patrol had the duty of searching for runaway slaves and returning them to their masters. Therefore, the original reason the police force was established was to deal with black slaves and it seems as if some officers today still hold that as their job title. However, this was just the beginning to the negative police encounters that many African Americans would have to endure. With the ratification of the 13th amendment and the freeing of the slaves the slave patrol became what is known as modern day police. During reconstruction the police began a war to create a new form of slavery, this form of slavery was known as convict leasing. Although, the 13th amendment legalized the enslavement of anyone convicted of a crime it seemed as if it was only used against African Americans. This new method of enslavement sky rocketed the rate of African American arrests and created new laws in the south such as the pig laws which sentenced anyone who stole a pig to 5 years in

The 1960’s changed American policing in many different ways (Hoover, 2014). Various important historical events took place during this era, such as the ghetto riots and the Vietnam War demonstrations. Due to these huge events, police changed the way corrections were conducted, as well as ways they and the courts administrated it. Further education leads the way from policing the people, to a more effective criminal justice departmental unit. These, in turn, lead to changes in the way societies viewed police.

The 1960's changed the dynamics of law enforcement from previous years in the U.S. After the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson became the new focal point for the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. The world was changing as well as the good guys versus the bad guys and freedom of speech became an epidemic. With freedom of speech came riots and protests fueled by a new movement that sparked President Johnson to construct the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice in 1967 and the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders in 1968 (Hoover, 2014). These implementations were designed to address the basic who, what, when, where, and how questions of crime and create a balance in equality. After changes were made of how law enforcement agencies reported their statistics, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA). LEAA was created to federally

Georgia was not unlike most states in her slow progress towards regulating policing standards and recruitment but liberal regions of the nation, like New York and California, were paving the way for professional attitudes toward policing by enforcing more extensive and comprehensive police recruitment standards. Gourley emphasized the need for regulation and professionalism in policing by comparing law enforcement to other highly skilled careers:

In the political involvement in American policing was looked at as a problem for both the society and law enforcements in the 19th century. In the 19th century the police transformation in the U.S was a fail and it became an issue were the citizens tried to force a change to make things better. In the beginning of the 20th century modifications began to make dramatic changes in the policing side in the United States. One of the main goals they tried to change is taking out the politics from the American policing. This made the effort to have some kind of rules to recruit the right personal and hiring the best police officers then can find.

The four eras of policing are political era, reform era, community era, and homeland security era. The political era was between 1840s and 1919 where police agencies were underdeveloped, decentralized, and disorganized in their mission, role, and function. Police organizations nationwide were exposed for their inability to maintain order, to control crime, or to fairly provide appropriate services. The reform era occurred between 1920s and 1970s where police was removed from the political arena and established them more as members of a centralized, professional organization formed for the public good. The primary role of police in this era had contributed to the problems crating negative police-community relations. The community era was between

1. Identify and discuss the eight (8) recurring reasons that change occurs in law enforcement agencies.

Since the founding of this country, to the wild west, and up to the present, the agenda of the policing bodies have been clear: to uphold and enforce the laws of our society. Of course the way they do this today had undergone changes from the first police forces of early America, law enforcement has seen trends come and go.

On Friday, December 2, 2016, I, Officer McDaniel #147, of Mansfield ISD Police Department, located at 1522 N Walnut Creek Dr, Mansfield, TX, was on a campus check at Della Icenhower Intermediate, located at 8100 Webb Ferrell Rd, Arlington, TX. While on a Campus Check, I made contact with Assistant Principal Brooks, Amber, B/F, DOB 8/26/1985.